योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-5, chapter-72, verse-11

को नामातिशयः पुंसां स्त्रीनाम्न्यपरनाम्नि च ।
पेलवे भूतसंघाते प्रोद्भूतजनपातवत् ॥ ११ ॥

ko nāmātiśayaḥ puṃsāṃ strīnāmnyaparanāmni ca ,
pelave bhūtasaṃghāte prodbhūtajanapātavat 11

11. kaḥ nāma atiśayaḥ puṃsām strīnāmni aparanāmni
ca pelave bhūtasaṃghāte prodbhūtajana-pātavat

11. puṃsām ca strīnāmni aparanāmni ca kaḥ nāma atiśayaḥ
pelave bhūtasaṃghāte prodbhūtajana-pātavat

11. What is the special distinction among men and among those designated as women? It is like the falling of people who have come into being within the fragile aggregate of elements.

Words meanings summery:

• कः (kaḥ) - what, who

• नाम (nāma) - indeed, by name, what really is

• अतिशयः (atiśayaḥ) - distinction, superiority, excellence

• पुंसाम् (puṁsām) - of men, among men

• स्त्रीनाम्नि (strīnāmni) - in the name of a woman, in the designation "woman"

• अपरनाम्नि (aparanāmni) - referring to the feminine gender, distinct from the masculine. (in the other designation, in the other name)

• च (ca) - and

• पेलवे (pelave) - in the tender, in the fragile, in the delicate

• भूतसंघाते (bhūtasaṁghāte) - in the physical body which is an aggregate of elements. (in the aggregate of elements, in the collection of beings)

• प्रोद्भूतजन-पातवत् (prodbhūtajana-pātavat) - like the falling of sprung-forth people/beings

Words meanings and morphology

कः (kaḥ) - what, who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Interrogative pronoun.

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'is'.

नाम (nāma) - indeed, by name, what really is

(indeclinable)

Originally a noun (nāman), often used adverbially.

अतिशयः (atiśayaḥ) - distinction, superiority, excellence

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of atiśaya

atiśaya - excess, abundance, superiority, distinction

From ati + śī- 'to lie, surpass'

Prefix: ati

Root: śī (class 2)

पुंसाम् (puṁsām) - of men, among men

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of puṃs

puṁs - man, male, person

स्त्रीनाम्नि (strīnāmni) - in the name of a woman, in the designation "woman"

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of strīnāman

strīnāman - name of a woman, designation "woman"

Compound of strī (woman) + nāman (name).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (strī+nāman)

• strī – woman, female
  noun (feminine)
• nāman – name, designation
  noun (neuter)

Note: Refers to the feminine gender as a designation.

अपरनाम्नि (aparanāmni) - referring to the feminine gender, distinct from the masculine. (in the other designation, in the other name)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of aparanāman

aparanāman - another name, a different designation

Compound of apara (other) + nāman (name).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (apara+nāman)

• apara – other, another, posterior
  adjective
• nāman – name, designation
  noun (neuter)

Note: Used here to mean 'the other gender designation (i.e. woman)' as opposed to 'men'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

पेलवे (pelave) - in the tender, in the fragile, in the delicate

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of pelava

pelava - tender, soft, delicate, fragile

From root pil- 'to be soft' or 'to crush'.

Root: pil

भूतसंघाते (bhūtasaṁghāte) - in the physical body which is an aggregate of elements. (in the aggregate of elements, in the collection of beings)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of bhūtasaṃghāta

bhūtasaṁghāta - aggregate of elements, collection of beings, physical body

Compound of bhūta (element/being) + saṃghāta (aggregate).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhūta+saṃghāta)

• bhūta – element, being
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root bhū- 'to be'
  Root: bhū (class 1)
• saṃghāta – aggregate, collection, mass, body
  noun (masculine)
  From sam + han- 'to strike, collect'
  Prefix: sam
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: Refers to the physical body.

प्रोद्भूतजन-पातवत् (prodbhūtajana-pātavat) - like the falling of sprung-forth people/beings

(indeclinable)

Adverbial formation with suffix -vat from the compound prodbhūtajana-pāta.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi-tatpuruṣa with taddhita suffix (prodbhūta+jana+pāta)

• prodbhūta – sprung forth, born, arisen
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From pra + ud + bhū- 'to be'
  Prefixes: pra+ud
  Root: bhū (class 1)
• jana – person, being, creature
  noun (masculine)
  From root jan- 'to be born'
  Root: jan (class 4)
• pāta – fall, falling, descent
  noun (masculine)
  From root pat- 'to fall'
  Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Functions as an adverbial comparison.