योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-5, chapter-61, verse-43

सुरघुरुवाच ।
भगवन्नियतेरस्या गतिं सर्पगतेरिव ।
दैविक्याः को हि जानाति गम्भीरां विस्मयप्रदाम् ॥ ४३ ॥

suraghuruvāca ,
bhagavanniyaterasyā gatiṃ sarpagateriva ,
daivikyāḥ ko hi jānāti gambhīrāṃ vismayapradām 43

43. suraguruḥ uvāca bhagavan niyateḥ asyāḥ gatim sarpagateḥ
iva daivikyāḥ kaḥ hi jānāti gambhīrām vismayapradām

43. suraguruḥ uvāca bhagavan kaḥ hi asyāḥ daivikyāḥ niyateḥ
gambhīrām vismayapradām gatim sarpagateḥ iva jānāti

43. Suraguru said: "O Lord, who indeed can comprehend the profound and astonishing course of this divine destiny (niyati), which is as elusive as the movement of a snake?"

Words meanings summery:

• सुरगुरुः (suraguruḥ) - Suraguru (name of a character)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• भगवन् (bhagavan) - O Lord, O Blessed One, O Venerable One

• नियतेः (niyateḥ) - of destiny, of fate

• अस्याः (asyāḥ) - of this (feminine)

• गतिम् (gatim) - course, movement, path

• सर्पगतेः (sarpagateḥ) - of a snake's movement

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• दैविक्याः (daivikyāḥ) - of the divine (feminine)

• कः (kaḥ) - who

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely

• जानाति (jānāti) - knows, understands

• गम्भीराम् (gambhīrām) - profound, deep, serious

• विस्मयप्रदाम् (vismayapradām) - astonishing, wonder-giving

Words meanings and morphology

सुरगुरुः (suraguruḥ) - Suraguru (name of a character)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of suraguru

suraguru - teacher of the gods (Bṛhaspati); a specific individual named Suraguru

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sura+guru)

• sura – god, deity
  noun (masculine)
• guru – teacher, preceptor, revered person, heavy, important
  noun (masculine)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect (lit)

Root 'vac' (to speak), 3rd person singular active.

Root: vac (class 2)

भगवन् (bhagavan) - O Lord, O Blessed One, O Venerable One

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhagavat

bhagavat - fortunate, prosperous, glorious, divine, venerable, Lord

नियतेः (niyateḥ) - of destiny, of fate

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of niyati

niyati - destiny, fate, necessity, divine appointment, constraint, rule

Derived from root 'yam' (to restrain, control) with prefix 'ni-' and suffix '-ti'.

Prefix: ni

Root: yam (class 1)

अस्याः (asyāḥ) - of this (feminine)

(pronoun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of idam

idam - this, these

गतिम् (gatim) - course, movement, path

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of gati

gati - going, motion, movement, course, path, state, condition, destiny, understanding

Derived from root 'gam' (to go).

Root: gam (class 1)

सर्पगतेः (sarpagateḥ) - of a snake's movement

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of sarpagati

sarpagati - movement of a snake

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sarpa+gati)

• sarpa – snake, serpent
  noun (masculine)
• gati – going, motion, movement, course
  noun (feminine)
  Root: gam (class 1)

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

दैविक्याः (daivikyāḥ) - of the divine (feminine)

(adjective)

Genitive, feminine, singular of daivika

daivika - divine, celestial, relating to the gods, providential

Derived from 'deva' (god) with the suffix '-ika'.

कः (kaḥ) - who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

हि (hi) - indeed, surely

(indeclinable)

जानाति (jānāti) - knows, understands

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of jñā

Present Indicative

Root 'jñā' (class 9, ātmanepada, but used in parasmaipada in some forms like present) 3rd person singular active.

Root: jñā (class 9)

गम्भीराम् (gambhīrām) - profound, deep, serious

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of gambhīra

gambhīra - deep, profound, grave, serious, solemn, unagitated

विस्मयप्रदाम् (vismayapradām) - astonishing, wonder-giving

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vismayapradā

vismayapradā - giving rise to wonder, astonishing, surprising

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vismaya+pradā)

• vismaya – wonder, astonishment, surprise
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: smī (class 1)
• pradā – giving, granting, bestowing
  adjective (feminine)
  Agent noun/feminine stem of 'prada' from 'dā' with 'pra'
  From root 'dā' (to give) with prefix 'pra'.
  Prefix: pra
  Root: dā (class 3)