योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-5, chapter-61, verse-12

तद्दुःखं परिघो दृष्ट्वा विषादमतुलं ययौ ।
तत्याजाश्वखिलं राज्यं दग्धं ग्राममिवाध्वगः ॥ १२ ॥

tadduḥkhaṃ parigho dṛṣṭvā viṣādamatulaṃ yayau ,
tatyājāśvakhilaṃ rājyaṃ dagdhaṃ grāmamivādhvagaḥ 12

12. tat duḥkham parighaḥ dṛṣṭvā viṣādam atulam yayau |
tatyāja aśvakhilam rājyam dagdham grāmam iva adhvagaḥ ||

12. parighaḥ tat duḥkham dṛṣṭvā atulam viṣādam yayau adhvagaḥ
dagdham grāmam iva (saḥ) aśvakhilam rājyam tatyāja

12. Seeing that suffering, Parigha became immensely despondent. He abandoned his entire kingdom, just as a traveler forsakes a village consumed by fire.

Words meanings summery:

• तत् (tat) - that specific suffering mentioned previously (that)

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - the suffering caused by the drought and the death of people (suffering, distress, misery)

• परिघः (parighaḥ) - the king named Parigha (Parigha)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

• विषादम् (viṣādam) - sorrow, despondency, dejection

• अतुलम् (atulam) - incomparable, immense, unequalled

• ययौ (yayau) - he succumbed to or was overcome by (sorrow) (he went, he attained)

• तत्याज (tatyāja) - he abandoned, he renounced

• अश्वखिलम् (aśvakhilam) - the entire kingdom (entire, whole, complete)

• राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingdom, realm, dominion

• दग्धम् (dagdham) - burned, consumed by fire

• ग्रामम् (grāmam) - village, hamlet

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• अध्वगः (adhvagaḥ) - traveler, wayfarer

Words meanings and morphology

तत् (tat) - that specific suffering mentioned previously (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - the suffering caused by the drought and the death of people (suffering, distress, misery)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - suffering, pain, sorrow, misery, unhappiness

परिघः (parighaḥ) - the king named Parigha (Parigha)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parigha

parigha - bolt, bar, club; a particular country, king, or region (proper noun)

Note: Subject of 'yayau'.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed with suffix '-tvā'.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

विषादम् (viṣādam) - sorrow, despondency, dejection

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of viṣāda

viṣāda - despondency, dejection, sorrow, depression, discouragement

Derived from root sad (to sink) with prefix vi-.

Nominalization of vi-sad.

Prefix: vi

Root: sad (class 1)

अतुलम् (atulam) - incomparable, immense, unequalled

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of atula

atula - incomparable, unequalled, immense, boundless

Negative prefix 'a-' + 'tula' (balance, comparison).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+tula)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• tula – balance, equality, comparison
  noun (feminine)

ययौ (yayau) - he succumbed to or was overcome by (sorrow) (he went, he attained)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of yā

Perfect 3rd singular

Reduplicated root yā.

Root: yā (class 2)

तत्याज (tatyāja) - he abandoned, he renounced

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of tyaj

Perfect 3rd singular

Reduplicated root tyaj.

Root: tyaj (class 1)

अश्वखिलम् (aśvakhilam) - the entire kingdom (entire, whole, complete)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of aśvakhila

aśvakhila - entire, whole, complete

राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingdom, realm, dominion

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rājya

rājya - kingdom, empire, realm, sovereignty, reign

Derived from rājan (king) with suffix -ya.

दग्धम् (dagdham) - burned, consumed by fire

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dagdha

dagdha - burned, consumed by fire, scorched

Past Passive Participle

From root dah (to burn).

Root: dah (class 1)

ग्रामम् (grāmam) - village, hamlet

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of grāma

grāma - village, hamlet, collection, community

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

अध्वगः (adhvagaḥ) - traveler, wayfarer

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adhvaga

adhvaga - traveler, wayfarer, one who travels a road (adhvan)

Compound of adhvan (road) and ga (going, from gam root).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (adhvan+ga)

• adhvan – road, path, journey
  noun (masculine)
• ga – going, moving, situated in
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun / suffix
  From root gam (to go).
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Subject of comparison for 'Parigha'.