योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-4, chapter-22, verse-21

विवेक उदिते शीते मिथ्या भ्रममरूदिता ।
क्षीयते वासना साग्रे मृगतृष्णा मराविव ॥ २१ ॥

viveka udite śīte mithyā bhramamarūditā ,
kṣīyate vāsanā sāgre mṛgatṛṣṇā marāviva 21

21. viveke udite śīte mithyā bhrama-maru-uditā
kṣīyate vāsanā sā agre mṛgatṛṣṇā marau iva

21. viveke udite śīte [sati] mithyā-bhrama-maru-uditā
sā agre vāsanā kṣīyate marau mṛgatṛṣṇā iva

21. When discernment (viveka) arises and calmness (śīta) is present, the manifest latent impression (vāsanā), born from the desert of false delusion, perishes, just as a mirage (mṛgatṛṣṇā) vanishes in a desert (marau).

Words meanings summery:

• विवेके (viveke) - when discernment (viveka) is present/arisen (in discernment, in discrimination)

• उदिते (udite) - when it has arisen (arisen, risen, appeared)

• शीते (śīte) - when calmness is present, with a cooling effect (in coldness, when cold)

• मिथ्या (mithyā) - false (falsely, wrongly, untrue, unreal)

• भ्रम-मरु-उदिता (bhrama-maru-uditā) - born from the desert of false delusion (born from the desert of delusion)

• क्षीयते (kṣīyate) - vanishes, disappears (perishes, diminishes, wastes away)

• वासना (vāsanā) - the latent impression (vāsanā) that drives rebirth (latent impression, mental trace, desire, habit)

• सा (sā) - that (referring to vāsanā) (she, that (feminine))

• अग्रे (agre) - manifest, evident (in front, at the beginning, manifest)

• मृगतृष्णा (mṛgatṛṣṇā) - mirage, deer's thirst

• मरौ (marau) - in the desert

• इव (iva) - just as (like, as, as it were)

Words meanings and morphology

विवेके (viveke) - when discernment (viveka) is present/arisen (in discernment, in discrimination)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of viveka

viveka - discernment, discrimination, wisdom, judgment

From vi + vic (to distinguish) + a.

Prefix: vi

Root: vic (class 7)

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction.

उदिते (udite) - when it has arisen (arisen, risen, appeared)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of udita

udita - risen, ascended, appeared, said

Past Passive Participle

From ud + i (to go) + kta.

Prefix: ud

Root: i (class 2)

शीते (śīte) - when calmness is present, with a cooling effect (in coldness, when cold)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of śīta

śīta - cold, cool, calm, frigid

Past Passive Participle

From root śyai (to freeze) + kta suffix. Also used as a noun meaning 'coldness'.

Root: śyai (class 1)

मिथ्या (mithyā) - false (falsely, wrongly, untrue, unreal)

(indeclinable)

भ्रम-मरु-उदिता (bhrama-maru-uditā) - born from the desert of false delusion (born from the desert of delusion)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of bhrama-maru-uditā

bhrama-maru-uditā - arisen from the desert of delusion

Past Passive Participle

Compound: bhrama (delusion) + maru (desert) + udita (arisen). Bahuvrihi or Tatpurusha. Here, 'born from the desert of false delusion', qualifying vāsanā.

Compound type : karmadhāraya / tatpuruṣa followed by tatpuruṣa or bahuvrihi (bhrama+maru+udita)

• bhrama – delusion, error, wandering, confusion
  noun (masculine)
  Root: bhram (class 1)
• maru – desert, wilderness, sandy waste
  noun (masculine)
• udita – risen, appeared, born
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From ud + i (to go) + kta.
  Prefix: ud
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Qualifies vāsanā.

क्षीयते (kṣīyate) - vanishes, disappears (perishes, diminishes, wastes away)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle/passive, present (laṭ) of kṣi

present

root kṣi (Div. 9 Ātmanepada in the sense of 'to perish', or passive of 'to destroy').

Root: kṣi (class 5)

Note: The middle voice form 'kṣīyate' often implies a passive meaning 'perishes'.

वासना (vāsanā) - the latent impression (vāsanā) that drives rebirth (latent impression, mental trace, desire, habit)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vāsanā

vāsanā - latent impression, mental trace, desire, habit, inclination

From root vas (to dwell) + ana suffix.

Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'kṣīyate'.

सा (sā) - that (referring to vāsanā) (she, that (feminine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, it

Feminine nominative singular of 'tad'.

Note: Emphatic pronoun for vāsanā.

अग्रे (agre) - manifest, evident (in front, at the beginning, manifest)

(indeclinable)

Note: Modifies vāsanā in the sense of 'that which is manifest'.

मृगतृष्णा (mṛgatṛṣṇā) - mirage, deer's thirst

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of mṛgatṛṣṇā

mṛgatṛṣṇā - mirage, deer's thirst

Compound: mṛga (deer) + tṛṣṇā (thirst).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mṛga+tṛṣṇā)

• mṛga – deer, wild animal
  noun (masculine)
• tṛṣṇā – thirst, desire, craving
  noun (feminine)
  Root: tṛṣ (class 4)

Note: Part of the simile.

मरौ (marau) - in the desert

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of maru

maru - desert, wilderness, sandy waste

Note: Locative for mṛgatṛṣṇā.

इव (iva) - just as (like, as, as it were)

(indeclinable)

Note: Follows the noun it is compared with.