योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-4, chapter-22, verse-18

तरङ्गवदिमे लोकाः प्रयान्त्यायान्ति चेतसः ।
क्रोडीकुर्वन्ति चाज्ञं ते न ज्ञं मरणजन्मनी ॥ १८ ॥

taraṅgavadime lokāḥ prayāntyāyānti cetasaḥ ,
kroḍīkurvanti cājñaṃ te na jñaṃ maraṇajanmanī 18

18. taraṅga-vat ime lokāḥ prayānti āyānti cetasaḥ
kroḍī-kurvanti ca ajñam te na jñam maraṇa-janmanī

18. ime lokāḥ cetasaḥ taraṅga-vat prayānti (ca) āyānti.
ca te maraṇa-janmanī ajñam kroḍī-kurvanti,
(tu) jñam na.

18. These worlds (lokāḥ), like waves, come and go from consciousness (cetas). And death and birth (maraṇa-janmanī) overpower the ignorant one (ajñam), but they do not overpower the knowing one (jñam).

Words meanings summery:

• तरङ्ग-वत् (taraṅga-vat) - like waves, wave-like

• इमे (ime) - these

• लोकाः (lokāḥ) - “worlds” or “beings” (implying individual experiences/existences) (worlds, realms, people, beings)

• प्रयान्ति (prayānti) - they go forth, depart, pass away

• आयान्ति (āyānti) - they come, arrive, appear

• चेतसः (cetasaḥ) - “from consciousness” (cetas) (of the mind, from the mind, of consciousness)

• क्रोडी-कुर्वन्ति (kroḍī-kurvanti) - they embrace, take into possession, overpower, take hold of

• च (ca) - and, also

• अज्ञम् (ajñam) - the ignorant one, the unknowing

• ते (te) - Refers to 'death and birth' (maraṇa-janmanī). (they)

• न (na) - not, no

• ज्ञम् (jñam) - the knowing one, the wise

• मरण-जन्मनी (maraṇa-janmanī) - “cycle of death and birth” (saṃsāra) (death and birth)

Words meanings and morphology

तरङ्ग-वत् (taraṅga-vat) - like waves, wave-like

(indeclinable)

From taraṅga (wave) + -vat (suffix meaning 'like', 'having')

Compound type : avyayībhāva (taraṅga+vat)

• taraṅga – wave, ripple
  noun (masculine)
  From tṛ (to cross)
  Root: tṛ (class 1)
• vat – like, as, possessing
  indeclinable
  Secondary suffix added to nouns.

Note: Adverbial use.

इमे (ime) - these

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of idam

idam - this, these

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Refers to 'lokāḥ'.

लोकाः (lokāḥ) - “worlds” or “beings” (implying individual experiences/existences) (worlds, realms, people, beings)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of loka

loka - world, realm, people, beings

From loc (to see, perceive)

Root: loc (class 1)

Note: Subject of prayānti and āyānti.

प्रयान्ति (prayānti) - they go forth, depart, pass away

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of prayā

Present active indicative

From pra-yā (to go)

Prefix: pra

Root: yā (class 2)

आयान्ति (āyānti) - they come, arrive, appear

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of āyā

Present active indicative

From ā-yā (to go)

Prefix: ā

Root: yā (class 2)

चेतसः (cetasaḥ) - “from consciousness” (cetas) (of the mind, from the mind, of consciousness)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of cetas

cetas - mind, consciousness, intelligence, heart

Root: cit (class 1)

Note: Ablative case is preferred for 'from'.

क्रोडी-कुर्वन्ति (kroḍī-kurvanti) - they embrace, take into possession, overpower, take hold of

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of kroḍī-kṛ

Present active indicative

Denominative verb from kroḍa/kroḍī (lap, bosom) + kṛ (to do, make)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: The subject is 'te' (maraṇa-janmanī).

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

अज्ञम् (ajñam) - the ignorant one, the unknowing

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ajña

ajña - ignorant, unknowing, fool

From a-jñā (not knowing)

Prefix: a

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Object of kroḍī-kurvanti.

ते (te) - Refers to 'death and birth' (maraṇa-janmanī). (they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, they, those

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Subject of kroḍī-kurvanti.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

ज्ञम् (jñam) - the knowing one, the wise

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of jña

jña - knowing, wise, expert

From jñā (to know)

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Object of implied kroḍī-kurvanti.

मरण-जन्मनी (maraṇa-janmanī) - “cycle of death and birth” (saṃsāra) (death and birth)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, dual of maraṇa-janman

maraṇa-janman - death and birth, the cycle of existence

Dvandva compound

Compound type : dvandva (maraṇa+janman)

• maraṇa – death, dying
  noun (neuter)
  From mṛ (to die)
  Root: mṛ (class 1)
• janman – birth, production, origin
  noun (neuter)
  From jan (to be born)
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Subject of the verb, acting jointly.