योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-3, chapter-57, verse-48

यस्तत्र स्यादिवाबोधस्तदज्ञानमनुत्तमम् ।
सैषासंसृतिरित्युक्ता मिथ्याज्ञानात्मिकोदिता ॥ ४८ ॥

yastatra syādivābodhastadajñānamanuttamam ,
saiṣāsaṃsṛtirityuktā mithyājñānātmikoditā 48

48. yaḥ tatra syāt iva abodhaḥ tat ajñānam anuttamam
sā eṣā saṃsṛtiḥ iti uktā mithyājñānātmikā uditā

48. yaḥ tatra iva abodhaḥ syāt tat anuttamam ajñānam
sā eṣā mithyājñānātmikā saṃsṛtiḥ iti uktā uditā

48. That which would be like non-knowledge there—that is unsurpassed ignorance (ajñāna). This very transmigration (saṃsāra) is declared, described as having false knowledge as its essence.

Words meanings summery:

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that case

• स्यात् (syāt) - would be, may be

• इव (iva) - like, as if, as

• अबोधः (abodhaḥ) - non-knowledge, ignorance

• तत् (tat) - that, it

• अज्ञानम् (ajñānam) - ignorance (ajñāna), lack of knowledge

• अनुत्तमम् (anuttamam) - unsurpassed, supreme, excellent

• सा (sā) - she, this (feminine)

• एषा (eṣā) - she, this (feminine)

• संसृतिः (saṁsṛtiḥ) - transmigration (saṃsāra), cycle of rebirth

• इति (iti) - thus, so, in this way

• उक्ता (uktā) - said, declared, stated

• मिथ्याज्ञानात्मिका (mithyājñānātmikā) - having false knowledge as its essence

• उदिता (uditā) - arisen, appeared, declared, uttered

Words meanings and morphology

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that case

(indeclinable)

स्यात् (syāt) - would be, may be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

इव (iva) - like, as if, as

(indeclinable)

अबोधः (abodhaḥ) - non-knowledge, ignorance

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of abodha

abodha - non-knowledge, ignorance, want of understanding

Compound noun with negative prefix a-

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+bodha)

• a – not, non-
  prefix
• bodha – knowledge, understanding, awakening
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root budh (to know, awaken)
  Root: budh (class 1)

तत् (tat) - that, it

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it, he, she

अज्ञानम् (ajñānam) - ignorance (ajñāna), lack of knowledge

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ajñāna

ajñāna - ignorance, nescience, want of knowledge

Compound noun with negative prefix a-

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+jñāna)

• a – not, non-
  prefix
• jñāna – knowledge, wisdom
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from root jñā (to know)
  Root: jñā (class 9)

अनुत्तमम् (anuttamam) - unsurpassed, supreme, excellent

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of anuttama

anuttama - unsurpassed, supreme, excellent, highest

Compound adjective with negative prefix an-

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (an+uttama)

• an – not, non-
  prefix
• uttama – best, highest, supreme, excellent
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative form of ud (up)

सा (sā) - she, this (feminine)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, it

एषा (eṣā) - she, this (feminine)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of etad

etad - this (near speaker)

संसृतिः (saṁsṛtiḥ) - transmigration (saṃsāra), cycle of rebirth

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of saṃsṛti

saṁsṛti - transmigration, cycle of rebirth, worldly existence (saṃsāra)

Derived from root sṛ (to flow) with prefix sam-

Prefix: sam

Root: sṛ (class 1)

इति (iti) - thus, so, in this way

(indeclinable)

उक्ता (uktā) - said, declared, stated

(participle)

Nominative, feminine, singular of ukta

ukta - said, spoken, declared

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root vac (to speak) with suffix -ta

Root: vac (class 2)

मिथ्याज्ञानात्मिका (mithyājñānātmikā) - having false knowledge as its essence

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of mithyājñānātmika

mithyājñānātmika - having false knowledge as its essence/nature

Compound adjective

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mithyā+jñāna+ātman)

• mithyā – falsely, wrongly, untrue
  indeclinable
• jñāna – knowledge, wisdom
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from root jñā (to know)
  Root: jñā (class 9)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)

उदिता (uditā) - arisen, appeared, declared, uttered

(participle)

Nominative, feminine, singular of udita

udita - arisen, appeared, uttered, declared, published

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root vad (to speak) with prefix ud-, or root i (to go) with prefix ud-

Prefix: ud

Root: vad (class 1)