योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-3, chapter-37, verse-42

चेदयश्चेतनां जह्रुस्तङ्गणानां रणाङ्गणे ।
पुष्पाणां पथि शीर्णानां सौकुमार्यमिवातपाः ॥ ४२ ॥

cedayaścetanāṃ jahrustaṅgaṇānāṃ raṇāṅgaṇe ,
puṣpāṇāṃ pathi śīrṇānāṃ saukumāryamivātapāḥ 42

42. cedayaḥ cetanām jahruḥ taṅgaṇānām raṇāṅgaṇe
puṣpāṇām pathi śīrṇānām saukumāryam iva ātapaḥ

42. cedayaḥ raṇāṅgaṇe taṅgaṇānām cetanām jahruḥ; ātapaḥ yathā pathi śīrṇānām puṣpāṇām saukumāryam (jahruḥ) iva.

42. The Cedis robbed the Taṅgaṇas of their senses on the battlefield, just as sunlight removes the tenderness of withered flowers lying on a path.

Words meanings summery:

• चेदयः (cedayaḥ) - the Cedis (a powerful kingdom or its warriors) (the Cedis, people of the Cedi kingdom)

• चेतनाम् (cetanām) - senses, will (to fight), vital spirit (consciousness, sense, intelligence, life)

• जह्रुः (jahruḥ) - they robbed, they took away (they took away, they seized, they carried off, they lost)

• तङ्गणानाम् (taṅgaṇānām) - of the Taṅgaṇas (the opponents) (of the Taṅgaṇas (a people/tribe))

• रणाङ्गणे (raṇāṅgaṇe) - on the battlefield (in the battlefield, in the arena of war)

• पुष्पाणाम् (puṣpāṇām) - of flowers (in the comparison) (of flowers)

• पथि (pathi) - on a path (where flowers might lie) (on the path, on the road)

• शीर्णानाम् (śīrṇānām) - of those withered, fallen (flowers) (of those withered, fallen, decayed)

• सौकुमार्यम् (saukumāryam) - tenderness, delicacy (of the flowers) (tenderness, delicacy, grace, charm)

• इव (iva) - just as, like (like, as, as if)

• आतपः (ātapaḥ) - sunlight (sunlight, heat of the sun)

Words meanings and morphology

चेदयः (cedayaḥ) - the Cedis (a powerful kingdom or its warriors) (the Cedis, people of the Cedi kingdom)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of cedi

cedi - Name of an ancient Indian kingdom and its people

चेतनाम् (cetanām) - senses, will (to fight), vital spirit (consciousness, sense, intelligence, life)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of cetanā

cetanā - consciousness, intelligence, perception, sensation, life

From root `cit` (to perceive, know).

Root: cit (class 10)

Note: Direct object of `jahruḥ`.

जह्रुः (jahruḥ) - they robbed, they took away (they took away, they seized, they carried off, they lost)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of hṛ

Perfect active

From root `hṛ` with reduplication.

Root: hṛ (class 1)

तङ्गणानाम् (taṅgaṇānām) - of the Taṅgaṇas (the opponents) (of the Taṅgaṇas (a people/tribe))

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of taṅgaṇa

taṅgaṇa - Name of a people or country, often in the Himalayas

Note: Possessive, referring to the object whose consciousness was taken.

रणाङ्गणे (raṇāṅgaṇe) - on the battlefield (in the battlefield, in the arena of war)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of raṇāṅgaṇa

raṇāṅgaṇa - battlefield, theatre of war

Compound type : Tatpurusha (raṇa+aṅgaṇa)

• raṇa – battle, war, combat
  noun (masculine)
• aṅgaṇa – courtyard, open space, arena
  noun (neuter)

Note: Location of the action.

पुष्पाणाम् (puṣpāṇām) - of flowers (in the comparison) (of flowers)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of puṣpa

puṣpa - flower, blossom

Note: Possessive, referring to the flowers whose delicacy is affected.

पथि (pathi) - on a path (where flowers might lie) (on the path, on the road)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of pathin

pathin - path, road, way

Irregular declension.

Note: Location in the comparison.

शीर्णानाम् (śīrṇānām) - of those withered, fallen (flowers) (of those withered, fallen, decayed)

(adjective)

Genitive, neuter, plural of śīrṇa

śīrṇa - withered, fallen, decayed, wasted

Past Passive Participle

From root `śṝ` (to tear, break, fall).

Root: śṝ (class 9)

Note: Qualifies `puṣpāṇām`.

सौकुमार्यम् (saukumāryam) - tenderness, delicacy (of the flowers) (tenderness, delicacy, grace, charm)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of saukumārya

saukumārya - tenderness, delicacy, elegance, grace

From `sukumāra` (very tender/delicate) with `ṣyañ` suffix.

Note: Object of implied action in the simile.

इव (iva) - just as, like (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the two comparative clauses.

आतपः (ātapaḥ) - sunlight (sunlight, heat of the sun)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ātapa

ātapa - sunlight, sun's heat, warmth

From `ā` + root `tap` (to heat).

Prefix: ā

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Subject of the comparative clause.