योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-3, chapter-37, verse-40

मित्रगर्तास्त्रिगर्तात्ता भ्रमित्वोर्ध्वं तृणोपमम् ।
विविशुर्व्यस्तमूर्धानः पातालान्तं पलायितुम् ॥ ४० ॥

mitragartāstrigartāttā bhramitvordhvaṃ tṛṇopamam ,
viviśurvyastamūrdhānaḥ pātālāntaṃ palāyitum 40

40. mitragartāḥ trigartāt tā bhramitvā ūrdhvam tṛṇopamam
viviśuḥ vyastamūrdhānaḥ pātālāntam palāyitum

40. mitragartāḥ trigartāt tā tṛṇopamam ūrdhvam bhramitvā,
vyastamūrdhānaḥ pātālāntam palāyitum viviśuḥ.

40. The Mitragartas from Trigarta, having been whirled upwards like blades of grass, plunged head-downwards into the depths of the netherworld (pātāla) to escape.

Words meanings summery:

• मित्रगर्ताः (mitragartāḥ) - the Mitragartas (a people allied with or residing near Trigarta) (the Mitragartas (a people/tribe), friends in a pit)

• त्रिगर्तात् (trigartāt) - from the Trigarta region (indicating origin) (from Trigarta (a region/people))

• ता (tā) - likely an emphatic particle or a filler, as a pronoun it would be gender/number mismatched. (then, so, indeed, those (fem. nom. pl.))

• भ्रमित्वा (bhramitvā) - having been whirled or tossed (like grass) (having wandered, having roamed, having revolved)

• ऊर्ध्वम् (ūrdhvam) - upwards (indicating direction of movement) (upwards, above, on high)

• तृणोपमम् (tṛṇopamam) - like blades of grass (implies lightness and being easily tossed) (like grass, resembling grass)

• विविशुः (viviśuḥ) - they plunged into (they entered, they went into)

• व्यस्तमूर्धानः (vyastamūrdhānaḥ) - head-downwards, in a state of disarray or inverted (having scattered heads, heads downwards)

• पातालान्तम् (pātālāntam) - to the depths of the netherworld (pātāla) (to the end of Pātāla, to the depths of the netherworld)

• पलायितुम् (palāyitum) - to escape (their predicament) (to flee, to escape)

Words meanings and morphology

मित्रगर्ताः (mitragartāḥ) - the Mitragartas (a people allied with or residing near Trigarta) (the Mitragartas (a people/tribe), friends in a pit)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mitragarta

mitragarta - The name of a people or a region. Literally "friends' pit" or "pit of friends".

Compound type : Tatpurusha (mitra+garta)

• mitra – friend, ally
  noun (neuter)
• garta – pit, hole, hollow
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

त्रिगर्तात् (trigartāt) - from the Trigarta region (indicating origin) (from Trigarta (a region/people))

(proper noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of trigarta

trigarta - The name of a country or its people, "three pits".

Compound type : Dvigu (tri+garta)

• tri – three
  numeral
• garta – pit, hole
  noun (masculine)

Note: Denotes origin or separation.

ता (tā) - likely an emphatic particle or a filler, as a pronoun it would be gender/number mismatched. (then, so, indeed, those (fem. nom. pl.))

(indeclinable)

Note: See `word_base_data_json`.

भ्रमित्वा (bhramitvā) - having been whirled or tossed (like grass) (having wandered, having roamed, having revolved)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive / Gerund

Formed with suffix `ktvā`.

Root: bhram (class 1)

ऊर्ध्वम् (ūrdhvam) - upwards (indicating direction of movement) (upwards, above, on high)

(indeclinable)

तृणोपमम् (tṛṇopamam) - like blades of grass (implies lightness and being easily tossed) (like grass, resembling grass)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tṛṇopama

tṛṇopama - comparable to grass, like grass

Compound type : Tatpurusha (tṛṇa+upama)

• tṛṇa – grass, blade of grass
  noun (neuter)
• upama – resembling, similar
  adjective

Note: Used adverbially "like grass".

विविशुः (viviśuḥ) - they plunged into (they entered, they went into)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of viś

Perfect active

Root 'viś'.

Root: viś (class 6)

व्यस्तमूर्धानः (vyastamūrdhānaḥ) - head-downwards, in a state of disarray or inverted (having scattered heads, heads downwards)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vyastamūrdhan

vyastamūrdhan - having scattered or inverted heads

Compound type : Bahuvrihi (vyasta+mūrdhan)

• vyasta – thrown, scattered, inverted, confused
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From `vi` + root `as` (to throw).
  Prefix: vi
  Root: as (class 4)
• mūrdhan – head, skull, summit
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies the subject `mitragartāḥ`.

पातालान्तम् (pātālāntam) - to the depths of the netherworld (pātāla) (to the end of Pātāla, to the depths of the netherworld)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pātālānta

pātālānta - the end or limit of the netherworld

Compound type : Tatpurusha (pātāla+anta)

• pātāla – the netherworld, one of the seven regions below the earth
  noun (neuter)
• anta – end, limit, boundary
  noun (masculine)

Note: Direct object of entry.

पलायितुम् (palāyitum) - to escape (their predicament) (to flee, to escape)

(verb (infinitive))

Note: Expresses purpose.