योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-3, chapter-37, verse-1

श्रीवसिष्ठ उवाच ।
रणे रभसनिर्लूननरवारणदारुणे ।
अहंपूर्वमहंपूर्वमिति वृन्दानुपातिनि ॥ १ ॥

śrīvasiṣṭha uvāca ,
raṇe rabhasanirlūnanaravāraṇadāruṇe ,
ahaṃpūrvamahaṃpūrvamiti vṛndānupātini 1

1. śrī-vasiṣṭha uvāca | raṇe rabhasa-nirlūna-nara-vāraṇa-dāruṇe
aham-pūrvam aham-pūrvam iti vṛnda-anupātini

1. śrī-vasiṣṭha uvāca rabhasa-nirlūna-nara-vāraṇa-dāruṇe
aham-pūrvam aham-pūrvam iti vṛnda-anupātini raṇe

1. Venerable Vasiṣṭha said: In a terrible battle, dreadful due to the violent cutting down of warriors and elephants, where throngs of combatants advanced, each proclaiming, 'I first! I first!'

Words meanings summery:

• श्री-वसिष्ठ (śrī-vasiṣṭha) - The speaker of the verse. (Venerable Vasiṣṭha; illustrious Vasiṣṭha)

• उवाच (uvāca) - Indicates Vasiṣṭha's speech. (said, spoke)

• रणे (raṇe) - The setting of the description. (in battle, in war, in conflict)

• रभस-निर्लून-नर-वारण-दारुणे (rabhasa-nirlūna-nara-vāraṇa-dāruṇe) - Describes the fierceness and destructiveness of the battle. (dreadful due to the violent cutting down of warriors and elephants)

• अहम्-पूर्वम् (aham-pūrvam) - The expression used by eager combatants, vying for precedence. ('I first', 'me first')

• अहम्-पूर्वम् (aham-pūrvam) - Repetition for emphasis. ('I first', 'me first')

• इति (iti) - Introduces the direct speech of the combatants. (thus, so, saying)

• वृन्द-अनुपातिनि (vṛnda-anupātini) - Describes the crowds of warriors eagerly rushing into battle. (where multitudes follow/pursue)

Words meanings and morphology

श्री-वसिष्ठ (śrī-vasiṣṭha) - The speaker of the verse. (Venerable Vasiṣṭha; illustrious Vasiṣṭha)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śrī-vasiṣṭha

śrī-vasiṣṭha - Venerable Vasiṣṭha

Compound.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (śrī+vasiṣṭha)

• śrī – glory, beauty, prosperity; venerable (prefix)
  adjective (prefix) (feminine)
• vasiṣṭha – Vasiṣṭha (name of a revered sage)
  proper noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of `uvāca`.

उवाच (uvāca) - Indicates Vasiṣṭha's speech. (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Tense

Root `vac` (to speak), perfect 3rd person singular.

Root: vac (class 2)

रणे (raṇe) - The setting of the description. (in battle, in war, in conflict)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, conflict, fight

Root: raṇ (class 1)

रभस-निर्लून-नर-वारण-दारुणे (rabhasa-nirlūna-nara-vāraṇa-dāruṇe) - Describes the fierceness and destructiveness of the battle. (dreadful due to the violent cutting down of warriors and elephants)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of rabhasa-nirlūna-nara-vāraṇa-dāruṇa

rabhasa-nirlūna-nara-vāraṇa-dāruṇa - dreadful on account of the furious cutting down of men and elephants

Compound.

Compound type : tatpurusha (rabhasa+nirlūna+nara+vāraṇa+dāruṇa)

• rabhasa – impetuosity, vehemence, fury, violence
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rabh (class 1)
• nirlūna – cut off, severed, torn
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root `lū` (to cut) with prefix `nir` (out, off).
  Prefix: nir
  Root: lū (class 9)
• nara – man, human being, warrior
  noun (masculine)
• vāraṇa – elephant, warding off, obstacle
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vṛ (class 5)
• dāruṇa – terrible, dreadful, fierce, cruel
  adjective

Note: Qualifies `raṇe`.

अहम्-पूर्वम् (aham-pūrvam) - The expression used by eager combatants, vying for precedence. ('I first', 'me first')

(indeclinable)

Compound.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (aham+pūrva)

• aham – I
  pronoun
• pūrva – first, prior, preceding
  adjective

Note: Repeated for emphasis.

अहम्-पूर्वम् (aham-pūrvam) - Repetition for emphasis. ('I first', 'me first')

(indeclinable)

Compound.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (aham+pūrva)

• aham – I
  pronoun
• pūrva – first, prior, preceding
  adjective

Note: Repeated for emphasis.

इति (iti) - Introduces the direct speech of the combatants. (thus, so, saying)

(indeclinable)

वृन्द-अनुपातिनि (vṛnda-anupātini) - Describes the crowds of warriors eagerly rushing into battle. (where multitudes follow/pursue)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of vṛnda-anupātin

vṛnda-anupātin - pursuing in crowds, where hosts follow

Compound. `anupātin` from `anu-pat` (to follow, fall upon).

Compound type : tatpurusha (vṛnda+anupātin)

• vṛnda – multitude, host, group, heap
  noun (neuter)
• anupātin – following, pursuing, falling upon
  adjective (masculine)
  From `anu-√pat` (to fall after, follow).
  Prefix: anu
  Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `raṇe`.