योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-1, chapter-3, verse-12

अज्ञानसुघनाकारा घनाहंकारशालिनी ।
पुनर्जन्मकरी प्रोक्ता मलिना वासना बुधैः ॥ १२ ॥

ajñānasughanākārā ghanāhaṃkāraśālinī ,
punarjanmakarī proktā malinā vāsanā budhaiḥ 12

12. ajñānasughanākārā ghanāhaṅkāraśālinī
punarjanmakarī proktā malinā vāsanā budhaiḥ

12. The wise declare that the impure (malina) latent impression (vāsanā) is that which is characterized by dense ignorance, possesses a strong sense of ego (ahaṅkāra), and causes rebirth (punarjanma).

Words meanings summery:

• अज्ञानसुघनाकारा (ajñānasughanākārā) - of the form of dense ignorance; characterized by dense ignorance

• घनाहङ्कारशालिनी (ghanāhaṅkāraśālinī) - possessing a dense ego; endowed with a strong sense of self

• पुनर्जन्मकरी (punarjanmakarī) - causing rebirth; leading to reincarnation

• प्रोक्ता (proktā) - declared; said; spoken

• मलिना (malinā) - impure; dirty; defiled

• वासना (vāsanā) - latent impression; subconscious tendency; desire; mental trace

• बुधैः (budhaiḥ) - by the wise; by the learned

Words meanings and morphology

अज्ञानसुघनाकारा (ajñānasughanākārā) - of the form of dense ignorance; characterized by dense ignorance

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of ajñānasughanākārā

ajñānasughanākārā - characterized by dense ignorance; having the form of solidified ignorance

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (ajñāna+sughana+ākāra)

• ajñāna – ignorance; non-knowledge
  noun (neuter)
  Negative prefix 'a-' + 'jñāna' (knowledge)
  Root: jñā (class 9)
• sughana – very dense; thick; solid
  adjective (masculine/neuter)
  Prefix 'su-' (good, intense) + 'ghana' (dense, thick)
  Prefix: su
  Root: han (class 2)
• ākāra – form; shape; appearance; nature
  noun (masculine)
  'ā' prefix + root 'kṛ'
  Prefix: ā
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'vāsanā'.

घनाहङ्कारशालिनी (ghanāhaṅkāraśālinī) - possessing a dense ego; endowed with a strong sense of self

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of ghanāhaṅkāraśālin

ghanāhaṅkāraśālin - possessing a strong ego

Made from 'ghana-ahaṅkāra' (dense ego) and suffix '-śālin' (possessing).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (ghana+ahaṅkāra+śālin)

• ghana – dense; thick; strong; solid
  adjective (masculine/neuter)
  Root: han (class 2)
• ahaṅkāra – ego; egoism; sense of 'I-ness'
  noun (masculine)
  From 'aham' (I) + 'kāra' (making/doer).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• śālin – possessing; endowed with; having
  suffix/adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  Adjective suffix indicating possession.
  Root: śāl (class 1)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'vāsanā'.

पुनर्जन्मकरी (punarjanmakarī) - causing rebirth; leading to reincarnation

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of punarjanmakarin

punarjanmakarin - causing rebirth

From 'punarjanma' (rebirth) + 'kārin' (doer/maker).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (punarjanma+karin)

• punarjanma – rebirth; reincarnation
  noun (neuter)
  'punar' (again) + 'janman' (birth)
  Root: jan (class 4)
• karin – doer; maker; causing
  adjective/noun (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  From root 'kṛ' + suffix '-in'.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'vāsanā'.

प्रोक्ता (proktā) - declared; said; spoken

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of prokta

prokta - declared; said; spoken; revealed

Past Passive Participle

From 'pra-' (forth) + root 'vac' (to speak) + kta suffix.

Prefix: pra

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Functions as a predicate verb here.

मलिना (malinā) - impure; dirty; defiled

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of malina

malina - impure; dirty; defiled; stained

From 'mala' (dirt, impurity) + '-ina' suffix.

Note: Predicate adjective for 'vāsanā'.

वासना (vāsanā) - latent impression; subconscious tendency; desire; mental trace

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vāsanā

vāsanā - latent impression; subconscious tendency; desire; mental trace; perfume

From root 'vas' (to dwell, to perfume) + suffix '-ana'.

Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

बुधैः (budhaiḥ) - by the wise; by the learned

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of budha

budha - wise person; learned person; sage

From root 'budh' (to know, to awaken).

Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Agent of the passive verb 'proktā'.