वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-31, verse-39

वालुकवेदिमध्ये तु तल् लिङ्गं स्थाप्य रावणः ।
अर्चयामास गन्धैश्च पुष्पैश्चामृतगन्धिभिः ॥३९॥

39. vālukavedimadhye tu tal liṅgaṃ sthāpya rāvaṇaḥ ,
arcayāmāsa gandhaiśca puṣpaiścāmṛtagandhibhiḥ.

39. vālukavedimadhye tu tat liṅgam sthāpya rāvaṇaḥ
arcayāmāsa gandhaiḥ ca puṣpaiḥ ca amṛtagandhibhiḥ

39. Having placed that liṅgam (liṅgam) in the middle of a sand altar, Rāvaṇa worshipped it with fragrances and with flowers that smelled like ambrosia.

Words meanings summery:

• वालुकवेदिमध्ये (vālukavedimadhye) - in the designated central spot of the sand altar (in the middle of a sand altar)

• तु (tu) - and, further (indicates a sequential action) (but, indeed, and, moreover)

• तत् (tat) - that (previously mentioned) liṅgam (that, it)

• लिङ्गम् (liṅgam) - the Śiva liṅgam (made of gold) (liṅgam, symbol, mark)

• स्थाप्य (sthāpya) - having reverently placed (the liṅgam) (having caused to stand, having placed, having established)

• रावणः (rāvaṇaḥ) - the king of rākṣasas, Rāvaṇa (Rāvaṇa)

• अर्चयामास (arcayāmāsa) - he performed ritual worship (he worshipped, he honored)

• गन्धैः (gandhaiḥ) - using fragrant substances for worship (with fragrances, with scents)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• पुष्पैः (puṣpaiḥ) - using flowers as an offering (with flowers)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• अमृतगन्धिभिः (amṛtagandhibhiḥ) - with flowers that possess the divine scent of ambrosia (with ambrosia-scented, with fragrant like nectar)

Words meanings and morphology

वालुकवेदिमध्ये (vālukavedimadhye) - in the designated central spot of the sand altar (in the middle of a sand altar)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of vālukavedimadhya

vālukavedimadhya - the middle of a sand altar

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vāluka+vedi+madhya)

• vāluka – sand
  noun (neuter)
• vedi – altar, sacred ground
  noun (feminine)
• madhya – middle, center
  noun (neuter)

Note: Indicates location.

तु (tu) - and, further (indicates a sequential action) (but, indeed, and, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes or adds information.

तत् (tat) - that (previously mentioned) liṅgam (that, it)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this

Note: Refers to the `liṅgam` mentioned in the previous verse.

लिङ्गम् (liṅgam) - the Śiva liṅgam (made of gold) (liṅgam, symbol, mark)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of liṅga

liṅga - mark, sign, characteristic; an emblem of Śiva

Note: Object of `sthāpya`.

स्थाप्य (sthāpya) - having reverently placed (the liṅgam) (having caused to stand, having placed, having established)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund) of causative

Absolutive form of the causative root sthāp (class 10 from sthā)

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Indicates a completed action preceding the main verb.

रावणः (rāvaṇaḥ) - the king of rākṣasas, Rāvaṇa (Rāvaṇa)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāvaṇa

rāvaṇa - Rāvaṇa (proper name, 'roaring')

Note: Subject of `arcayāmāsa`.

अर्चयामास (arcayāmāsa) - he performed ritual worship (he worshipped, he honored)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of arcaya

Perfect Active

Periphrastic perfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice of the root arc (class 1), often used in causative or denominative forms

Root: arc (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

गन्धैः (gandhaiḥ) - using fragrant substances for worship (with fragrances, with scents)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of gandha

gandha - smell, fragrance, perfume

Note: Means by which worship is performed.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

पुष्पैः (puṣpaiḥ) - using flowers as an offering (with flowers)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of puṣpa

puṣpa - flower, blossom

Note: Means by which worship is performed.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

अमृतगन्धिभिः (amṛtagandhibhiḥ) - with flowers that possess the divine scent of ambrosia (with ambrosia-scented, with fragrant like nectar)

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of amṛtagandhin

amṛtagandhin - smelling of ambrosia, fragrant like nectar

Bahuvrīhi compound: amṛtam gandho yeṣām te (those whose fragrance is ambrosia)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (amṛta+gandhin)

• amṛta – nectar, ambrosia, immortality
  noun (neuter)
• gandhin – scented, fragrant, having a smell
  adjective
  Derived from gandha (smell) with suffix -in

Note: Qualifies `puṣpaiḥ`.