वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-31, verse-3

उताहो हीनवीर्यास्ते बभुवुः पृथिवीक्षितः ।
बहिष्कृता वरास्त्रैश्च बहवो निर्जिता नृपाः ॥३॥

3. utāho hīnavīryāste babhuvuḥ pṛthivīkṣitaḥ ,
bahiṣkṛtā varāstraiśca bahavo nirjitā nṛpāḥ.

3. uta aho hīnavīryāḥ te babhuvuḥ pṛthivīkṣitaḥ
bahiṣkṛtāḥ vara astraiḥ ca bahavaḥ nirjitāḥ nṛpāḥ

3. uta aho te pṛthivīkṣitaḥ hīnavīryāḥ babhuvuḥ ca
bahavaḥ nṛpāḥ vara astraiḥ bahiṣkṛtāḥ nirjitāḥ

3. Or, were those rulers of the earth (pṛthivīkṣitaḥ) at that time weak and devoid of valor, with many kings conquered and deprived of their excellent weapons?

Words meanings summery:

• उत (uta) - or, moreover, either

• अहो (aho) - oh!, alas!, indeed!, used in questions

• हीनवीर्याः (hīnavīryāḥ) - weak, devoid of valor, lacking strength

• ते (te) - those kings (those, they)

• बबुवुः (babuvuḥ) - they were, they became

• पृथिवीक्षितः (pṛthivīkṣitaḥ) - rulers of the earth, kings

• बहिष्कृताः (bahiṣkṛtāḥ) - expelled, excluded, deprived of, stripped of

• वर (vara) - excellent, best, boon, blessing

• अस्त्रैः (astraiḥ) - by weapons, by missiles

• च (ca) - and

• बहवः (bahavaḥ) - many

• निर्जिताः (nirjitāḥ) - conquered, defeated

• नृपाः (nṛpāḥ) - kings, rulers

Words meanings and morphology

उत (uta) - or, moreover, either

(indeclinable)

Note: Used with 'aho' for an interrogative or exclamatory sense.

अहो (aho) - oh!, alas!, indeed!, used in questions

(indeclinable)

Note: Used with 'uta' to form a rhetorical question.

हीनवीर्याः (hīnavīryāḥ) - weak, devoid of valor, lacking strength

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of hīnavīrya

hīnavīrya - devoid of strength or valor, weak, feeble

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (hīna+vīrya)

• hīna – left, abandoned, devoid of, deprived of
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root hā (to leave, abandon)
  Root: hā (class 3)
• vīrya – strength, valor, heroism, power
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'pṛthivīkṣitaḥ' and 'nṛpāḥ'.

ते (te) - those kings (those, they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the kings.

बबुवुः (babuvuḥ) - they were, they became

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of bhū

Perfect Active Indicative

3rd person plural, root bhū (to be, become), reduplicated perfect

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Connects 'pṛthivīkṣitaḥ' and 'hīnavīryāḥ'.

पृथिवीक्षितः (pṛthivīkṣitaḥ) - rulers of the earth, kings

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pṛthivīkṣit

pṛthivīkṣit - king, ruler of the earth

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pṛthivī+kṣit)

• pṛthivī – earth, ground
  noun (feminine)
• kṣit – ruler, inhabitant
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root kṣi (to rule, dwell)
  Root: kṣi (class 1)

Note: Subject.

बहिष्कृताः (bahiṣkṛtāḥ) - expelled, excluded, deprived of, stripped of

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bahiṣkṛta

bahiṣkṛta - expelled, excluded, put out, deprived of

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root kṛ (to do, make) with bahiṣ (out, outside)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bahis+kṛta)

• bahis – outside, external, out of
  indeclinable
• kṛta – done, made, performed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root kṛ (to do, make)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Qualifies 'nṛpāḥ'.

वर (vara) - excellent, best, boon, blessing

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of vara

vara - best, excellent, choicest; a boon, blessing

Note: Qualifies 'astraih'.

अस्त्रैः (astraiḥ) - by weapons, by missiles

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of astra

astra - weapon, missile

Note: Means by which kings were deprived.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

बहवः (bahavaḥ) - many

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bahu

bahu - much, many, numerous

Note: Qualifies 'nṛpāḥ'.

निर्जिताः (nirjitāḥ) - conquered, defeated

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nirjita

nirjita - conquered, defeated, vanquished

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root ji (to conquer) with prefix nir-

Prefix: nir

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Predicative adjective for 'nṛpāḥ'.

नृपाः (nṛpāḥ) - kings, rulers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, monarch, ruler

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛ+pa)

• nṛ – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• pa – protector, guardian; one who drinks
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root pā (to protect)
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Subject.