वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-31, verse-23

स तस्याः पुलिने रम्ये नानाकुसुमशोभिते ।
उपोपविष्टः सचिवैः सार्धं राक्षसपुंगवः ।
नर्मदा दर्शजं हर्षमाप्तवान् राक्षसेश्वरः ॥२३॥

23. sa tasyāḥ puline ramye nānākusumaśobhite ,
upopaviṣṭaḥ sacivaiḥ sārdhaṃ rākṣasapuṃgavaḥ ,
narmadā darśajaṃ harṣamāptavān rākṣaseśvaraḥ.

23. sa tasyāḥ puline ramye nānākusumaśobhite
upopaviṣṭaḥ sacivaiḥ
sārdham rākṣasapuṅgavaḥ narmadādarśajam
harṣam āptavān rākṣaseśvaraḥ

23. sa rākṣasapuṅgavaḥ rākṣaseśvaraḥ
tasyāḥ nānākusumaśobhite ramye
puline sacivaiḥ sārdham upopaviṣṭaḥ
narmadādarśajam harṣam āptavān

23. That foremost of rākṣasas, the lord of rākṣasas (Rāvaṇa), sat down with his ministers on her beautiful sandbank, adorned with various flowers. He then experienced great joy (harṣa) from seeing the Narmada.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - that (Rāvaṇa) (he, that)

• तस्याः (tasyāḥ) - of the Narmada (of her, its)

• पुलिने (puline) - on the sandbank of the Narmada (on the sandbank)

• रम्ये (ramye) - beautiful, charming

• नानाकुसुमशोभिते (nānākusumaśobhite) - adorned with various flowers

• उपोपविष्टः (upopaviṣṭaḥ) - having sat down, having taken a seat

• सचिवैः (sacivaiḥ) - with ministers, with companions

• सार्धम् (sārdham) - with, together with

• राक्षसपुङ्गवः (rākṣasapuṅgavaḥ) - the chief of the demon race (Rāvaṇa) (foremost among rākṣasas)

• नर्मदादर्शजम् (narmadādarśajam) - born from the sight of Narmada

• हर्षम् (harṣam) - joy, delight

• आप्तवान् (āptavān) - he obtained, he experienced

• राक्षसेश्वरः (rākṣaseśvaraḥ) - Rāvaṇa, as the king of the demons (lord of rākṣasas, lord of demons)

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - that (Rāvaṇa) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Daśānanaḥ from the previous verse.

तस्याः (tasyāḥ) - of the Narmada (of her, its)

(pronoun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

पुलिने (puline) - on the sandbank of the Narmada (on the sandbank)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of pulina

pulina - sandbank, island, shore

रम्ये (ramye) - beautiful, charming

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of ramya

ramya - beautiful, charming, delightful

Gerundive (Potential Passive Participle)

From root √ram (to delight).

Root: ram (class 1)

नानाकुसुमशोभिते (nānākusumaśobhite) - adorned with various flowers

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of nānākusumaśobhita

nānākusumaśobhita - adorned with various flowers

Tatpuruṣa compound: nānā (various) + kusuma (flower) + śobhita (adorned).

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (nānā+kusuma+śobhita)

• nānā – various, diverse, manifold
  indeclinable
  Adverbial/adjectival usage.
• kusuma – flower, blossom
  noun (neuter)
• śobhita – adorned, beautified, shining
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √śubh (to shine, be beautiful).
  Root: śubh (class 1)

उपोपविष्टः (upopaviṣṭaḥ) - having sat down, having taken a seat

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of upopaviṣṭa

upopaviṣṭa - having sat near, having taken a seat

Past Passive Participle

From root √viś (to enter) with prefixes upa- and upa- (intensified or repeated action of sitting down).

Prefixes: upa+upa

Root: viś (class 6)

Note: Functions as a descriptor of the subject.

सचिवैः (sacivaiḥ) - with ministers, with companions

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of saciva

saciva - minister, companion, associate

Note: Denotes accompaniment, used with sārdham.

सार्धम् (sārdham) - with, together with

(indeclinable)

Adverb. Often takes instrumental case.

राक्षसपुङ्गवः (rākṣasapuṅgavaḥ) - the chief of the demon race (Rāvaṇa) (foremost among rākṣasas)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rākṣasapuṅgava

rākṣasapuṅgava - foremost of demons, excellent demon

Tatpuruṣa compound: rākṣasa (demon) + puṅgava (bull, excellent one).

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (rākṣasa+puṅgava)

• rākṣasa – demon, rākṣasa
  noun (masculine)
• puṅgava – bull, excellent, foremost
  noun (masculine)

Note: Appositive to sa.

नर्मदादर्शजम् (narmadādarśajam) - born from the sight of Narmada

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of narmadādarśaja

narmadādarśaja - born from the sight of Narmada

Tatpuruṣa compound: narmadā (Narmada) + darśa (sight) + ja (born from).

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (narmadā+darśa+ja)

• narmadā – Narmada (river)
  proper noun (feminine)
• darśa – sight, seeing, appearance
  noun (masculine)
  From root √dṛś (to see).
  Root: dṛś (class 1)
• ja – born, produced, caused by
  adjective
  Suffix indicating origin.
  Root: jan (class 4)

हर्षम् (harṣam) - joy, delight

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of harṣa

harṣa - joy, delight, pleasure, happiness

From root √hṛṣ (to rejoice).

Root: hṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Object of āptavān.

आप्तवान् (āptavān) - he obtained, he experienced

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āptavat

āptavat - having obtained, attained, experienced

Past Active Participle (-tavat suffix)

From root √āp (to obtain, reach).

Prefix: ā

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Functions as a finite verb in narration.

राक्षसेश्वरः (rākṣaseśvaraḥ) - Rāvaṇa, as the king of the demons (lord of rākṣasas, lord of demons)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rākṣaseśvara

rākṣaseśvara - lord of rākṣasas, king of demons

Tatpuruṣa compound: rākṣasa (demon) + īśvara (lord).

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (rākṣasa+īśvara)

• rākṣasa – demon, rākṣasa
  noun (masculine)
• īśvara – lord, master, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  From root √īś (to rule).
  Root: īś (class 2)

Note: Appositive to sa and rākṣasapuṅgavaḥ.