वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-31, verse-38

रावणं प्राञ्जलिं यान्तमन्वयुः सप्तराक्षसाः ।
यत्र यत्र स याति स्म रावणो राक्षसाधिपः ।
जाम्बूनदमयं लिङ्गं तत्र तत्र स्म नीयते ॥३८॥

38. rāvaṇaṃ prāñjaliṃ yāntamanvayuḥ saptarākṣasāḥ ,
yatra yatra sa yāti sma rāvaṇo rākṣasādhipaḥ ,
jāmbūnadamayaṃ liṅgaṃ tatra tatra sma nīyate.

38. rāvaṇam prāñjalim yāntam anvayuḥ
saptarākṣasāḥ yatra yatra sa yāti
sma rāvaṇaḥ rākṣasādhipaḥ jāmbūnadamayam
liṅgam tatra tatra sma nīyate

38. Seven rākṣasas followed Rāvaṇa as he walked with folded hands. Wherever he, Rāvaṇa the lord of the rākṣasas, went, a liṅgam (liṅgam) made of gold was carried there.

Words meanings summery:

• रावणम् (rāvaṇam) - Rāvaṇa, as the object of being followed (Rāvaṇa)

• प्राञ्जलिम् (prāñjalim) - respectfully, with hands folded in reverence (with folded hands, respectful)

• यान्तम् (yāntam) - as he was going/walking (going, walking, moving)

• अन्वयुः (anvayuḥ) - the seven rākṣasas followed (they followed, they went after)

• सप्तराक्षसाः (saptarākṣasāḥ) - seven specific attendants of Rāvaṇa (seven rākṣasas/demons)

• यत्र यत्र (yatra yatra) - at every location where (wherever, in whichever place)

• स (sa) - he (Rāvaṇa) (he, that)

• याति (yāti) - he (Rāvaṇa) habitually went (he goes, he walks)

• स्म (sma) - (indicates past habitual action for `yāti` and `nīyate`) ((particle indicating past tense))

• रावणः (rāvaṇaḥ) - the king of rākṣasas, Rāvaṇa (Rāvaṇa)

• राक्षसाधिपः (rākṣasādhipaḥ) - Rāvaṇa, in his role as ruler of rākṣasas (lord of rākṣasas, chief of demons)

• जाम्बूनदमयम् (jāmbūnadamayam) - made of pure, high-quality gold (made of Jāmbūnada gold, golden)

• लिङ्गम् (liṅgam) - a representation of Śiva, typically phallic (mark, sign, symbol, phallus, Shiva-liṅgam)

• तत्र तत्र (tatra tatra) - at every location (he went to) (there, in each place)

• स्म (sma) - (indicates past habitual action for `yāti` and `nīyate`) ((particle indicating past tense))

• नीयते (nīyate) - the liṅgam was habitually carried (is carried, is led, is brought)

Words meanings and morphology

रावणम् (rāvaṇam) - Rāvaṇa, as the object of being followed (Rāvaṇa)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rāvaṇa

rāvaṇa - Rāvaṇa (proper name, 'roaring')

Note: Object of `anvayuḥ`.

प्राञ्जलिम् (prāñjalim) - respectfully, with hands folded in reverence (with folded hands, respectful)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of prāñjali

prāñjali - with folded hands (in salutation or supplication)

Prefix: pra

Root: añj (class 7)

Note: Qualifies `rāvaṇam`.

यान्तम् (yāntam) - as he was going/walking (going, walking, moving)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yāt

yā - to go, move, proceed

Present Active Participle

Present active participle of root yā (class 2)

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Qualifies `rāvaṇam`.

अन्वयुः (anvayuḥ) - the seven rākṣasas followed (they followed, they went after)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (lit) of anu-i

Perfect Active

Perfect tense, 3rd person plural, active voice of root i (class 2) with upasarga anu (after, along)

Prefix: anu

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Main verb of the first clause.

सप्तराक्षसाः (saptarākṣasāḥ) - seven specific attendants of Rāvaṇa (seven rākṣasas/demons)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of saptarākṣasa

saptarākṣasa - seven rākṣasas

Compound type : dvigu (sapta+rākṣasa)

• sapta – seven
  numeral
• rākṣasa – rākṣasa, demon
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of `anvayuḥ`.

यत्र यत्र (yatra yatra) - at every location where (wherever, in whichever place)

(indeclinable)

Repetition for 'wherever'

Note: Adverb of place, repeated for distributive sense.

स (sa) - he (Rāvaṇa) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, this

Note: Refers to `rāvaṇaḥ`.

याति (yāti) - he (Rāvaṇa) habitually went (he goes, he walks)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of yā

Present Active

Present tense, 3rd person singular, active voice of root yā (class 2)

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Used with `sma` to indicate past habitual action.

स्म (sma) - (indicates past habitual action for `yāti` and `nīyate`) ((particle indicating past tense))

(indeclinable)

Note: Transforms present tense into past habitual.

रावणः (rāvaṇaḥ) - the king of rākṣasas, Rāvaṇa (Rāvaṇa)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāvaṇa

rāvaṇa - Rāvaṇa (proper name, 'roaring')

Note: Subject of `yāti`.

राक्षसाधिपः (rākṣasādhipaḥ) - Rāvaṇa, in his role as ruler of rākṣasas (lord of rākṣasas, chief of demons)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rākṣasādhipa

rākṣasādhipa - lord/ruler of rākṣasas

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rākṣasa+adhipa)

• rākṣasa – rākṣasa, demon
  noun (masculine)
• adhipa – ruler, lord
  noun (masculine)

Note: Epithet for Rāvaṇa.

जाम्बूनदमयम् (jāmbūnadamayam) - made of pure, high-quality gold (made of Jāmbūnada gold, golden)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of jāmbūnadamaya

jāmbūnadamaya - made of Jāmbūnada gold (fine gold)

Derived from jāmbūnada (gold) with suffix -maya (made of)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jāmbūnada+maya)

• jāmbūnada – gold (especially that found in the river Jambu)
  noun (neuter)
• maya – made of, consisting of
  suffix

Note: Qualifies `liṅgam`.

लिङ्गम् (liṅgam) - a representation of Śiva, typically phallic (mark, sign, symbol, phallus, Shiva-liṅgam)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of liṅga

liṅga - mark, sign, characteristic; an emblem of Śiva

Note: Object of `nīyate`.

तत्र तत्र (tatra tatra) - at every location (he went to) (there, in each place)

(indeclinable)

Repetition for 'wherever'

Note: Adverb of place, repeated for distributive sense.

स्म (sma) - (indicates past habitual action for `yāti` and `nīyate`) ((particle indicating past tense))

(indeclinable)

Note: Transforms present tense into past habitual.

नीयते (nīyate) - the liṅgam was habitually carried (is carried, is led, is brought)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of nī

Present Passive

Present tense, 3rd person singular, passive voice of root nī (class 1)

Root: nī (class 1)

Note: Used with `sma` to indicate past habitual action.