वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-31, verse-13

स तमभ्रमिवाविष्टमुद्भ्रान्तमिव मेदिनीम् ।
अपश्यद् रावणो विन्ध्यमालिखन्तमिवाम्बरम् ॥१३॥

13. sa tamabhramivāviṣṭamudbhrāntamiva medinīm ,
apaśyad rāvaṇo vindhyamālikhantamivāmbaram.

13. saḥ tam abhram iva āviṣṭam udbhrāntam iva medinīm
apaśyat rāvaṇaḥ vindhyam ālikhantam iva ambaram

13. saḥ rāvaṇaḥ tam vindhyam abhram iva āviṣṭam medinīm
iva udbhrāntam ambaram iva ālikhantam apaśyat

13. Rāvaṇa saw that Vindhya mountain, which appeared as if it had penetrated the clouds, as if the earth itself were greatly agitated or lifted high, and as if it were scratching the sky.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - Rāvaṇa (he)

• तम् (tam) - that Vindhya mountain (that, him)

• अभ्रम् (abhram) - cloud, sky

• इव (iva) - like, as if

• आविष्टम् (āviṣṭam) - as if it had entered the clouds, or enveloped by clouds (entered, pervaded, enveloped)

• उद्भ्रान्तम् (udbhrāntam) - as if the earth itself were greatly agitated or lifted high by the mountain's presence (bewildered, agitated, raised high, soaring)

• इव (iva) - like, as if

• मेदिनीम् (medinīm) - earth, ground

• अपश्यत् (apaśyat) - saw

• रावणः (rāvaṇaḥ) - Rāvaṇa

• विन्ध्यम् (vindhyam) - Vindhya (mountain)

• आलिखन्तम् (ālikhantam) - as if touching or scraping the sky (due to its height) (scratching, touching, scraping)

• इव (iva) - like, as if

• अम्बरम् (ambaram) - sky, atmosphere

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - Rāvaṇa (he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तम् (tam) - that Vindhya mountain (that, him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अभ्रम् (abhram) - cloud, sky

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of abhra

abhra - cloud, sky

इव (iva) - like, as if

(indeclinable)

आविष्टम् (āviṣṭam) - as if it had entered the clouds, or enveloped by clouds (entered, pervaded, enveloped)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āviṣṭa

āviṣṭa - entered, pervaded, possessed, enveloped

Past Passive Participle

From root viś (to enter) with prefix ā-

Prefix: ā

Root: viś (class 6)

उद्भ्रान्तम् (udbhrāntam) - as if the earth itself were greatly agitated or lifted high by the mountain's presence (bewildered, agitated, raised high, soaring)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of udbhrānta

udbhrānta - raised, agitated, bewildered, confused

Past Passive Participle

From root bhram (to wander, shake) with prefix ud-

Prefix: ud

Root: bhram (class 1)

इव (iva) - like, as if

(indeclinable)

मेदिनीम् (medinīm) - earth, ground

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of medinī

medinī - earth, ground

अपश्यत् (apaśyat) - saw

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of dṛś

Imperfect Active

Imperfect 3rd person singular active of root dṛś (paśya-gaṇa)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

रावणः (rāvaṇaḥ) - Rāvaṇa

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāvaṇa

rāvaṇa - name of the primary antagonist of the Rāmāyaṇa

विन्ध्यम् (vindhyam) - Vindhya (mountain)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vindhya

vindhya - name of a mountain range in Central India

आलिखन्तम् (ālikhantam) - as if touching or scraping the sky (due to its height) (scratching, touching, scraping)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ālikhat

ālikhat - scratching, drawing, touching

Present Active Participle

From root likh (to scratch, write) with prefix ā-

Prefix: ā

Root: likh (class 6)

इव (iva) - like, as if

(indeclinable)

अम्बरम् (ambaram) - sky, atmosphere

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ambara

ambara - sky, atmosphere, garment