वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-31, verse-2

भगवन् किं तदा लोकाः शून्या आसन्द्विजोत्तम ।
धर्षणां यत्र न प्राप्तो रावणो राक्षसेश्वरः ॥२॥

2. bhagavan kiṃ tadā lokāḥ śūnyā āsandvijottama ,
dharṣaṇāṃ yatra na prāpto rāvaṇo rākṣaseśvaraḥ.

2. bhagavan kim tadā lokāḥ śūnyāḥ āsan dvijottama
dharṣaṇām yatra na prāptaḥ rāvaṇaḥ rākṣaseśvaraḥ

2. bhagavan dvijottama kim tadā lokāḥ śūnyāḥ āsan
yatra rākṣaseśvaraḥ rāvaṇaḥ dharṣaṇām na prāptaḥ

2. O revered one (bhagavan), O best among twice-born (dvijottama), were the worlds desolate at that time, such that Rāvaṇa, the lord of the rākṣasas, did not experience any opposition?

Words meanings summery:

• भगवन् (bhagavan) - O revered one (addressing Agastya) (O revered one, O divine one)

• किम् (kim) - what, is it that (interrogative)

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• लोकाः (lokāḥ) - worlds, people, realms

• शून्याः (śūnyāḥ) - empty, void, desolate, devoid

• आसन् (āsan) - they were

• द्विजोत्तम (dvijottama) - O best among twice-born (addressing Agastya) (O best among twice-born)

• धर्षणाम् (dharṣaṇām) - insult, affront, assault, humiliation, opposition

• यत्र (yatra) - such that (where, in which, when, if)

• न (na) - not, no

• प्राप्तः (prāptaḥ) - experienced (obtained, reached, encountered, suffered)

• रावणः (rāvaṇaḥ) - Rāvaṇa

• राक्षसेश्वरः (rākṣaseśvaraḥ) - the lord of rākṣasas (demons)

Words meanings and morphology

भगवन् (bhagavan) - O revered one (addressing Agastya) (O revered one, O divine one)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhagavat

bhagavat - fortunate, glorious, divine, revered; Lord

Note: Address for a venerable person, here Agastya.

किम् (kim) - what, is it that (interrogative)

(interrogative pronoun)

Note: Functions as an interrogative particle here.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of time.

लोकाः (lokāḥ) - worlds, people, realms

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of loka

loka - world, realm, people, folk

Note: Subject of 'āsan'.

शून्याः (śūnyāḥ) - empty, void, desolate, devoid

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śūnya

śūnya - empty, void, desolate, absent, naught

Note: Predicative adjective for 'lokāḥ'.

आसन् (āsan) - they were

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect (laṅ) of as

Imperfect Active Indicative

3rd person plural, root as (to be)

Root: as (class 2)

Note: The verb 'to be'.

द्विजोत्तम (dvijottama) - O best among twice-born (addressing Agastya) (O best among twice-born)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of dvijottama

dvijottama - best among twice-born, chief of brahmins

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dvija+uttama)

• dvija – twice-born (Brahmin, Kṣatriya, Vaiśya); bird, tooth
  noun (masculine)
• uttama – best, excellent, highest
  adjective

Note: Address for a Brahmin, here Agastya.

धर्षणाम् (dharṣaṇām) - insult, affront, assault, humiliation, opposition

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of dharṣaṇā

dharṣaṇā - assault, violence, insult, challenge, opposition

Derived from root dhṛṣ (to dare, attack)

Root: dhṛṣ (class 5)

Note: Object of 'prāptaḥ'.

यत्र (yatra) - such that (where, in which, when, if)

(indeclinable)

Note: Relative adverb indicating condition/circumstance.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation particle.

प्राप्तः (prāptaḥ) - experienced (obtained, reached, encountered, suffered)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prāpta

prāpta - obtained, reached, gained, suffered

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root āp (to obtain) with prefix pra-

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Agrees with 'Rāvaṇaḥ'.

रावणः (rāvaṇaḥ) - Rāvaṇa

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāvaṇa

rāvaṇa - Rāvaṇa, the ten-headed demon king of Laṅkā

Note: Subject of 'prāptaḥ'.

राक्षसेश्वरः (rākṣaseśvaraḥ) - the lord of rākṣasas (demons)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rākṣaseśvara

rākṣaseśvara - lord of rākṣasas, king of demons

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rākṣasa+īśvara)

• rākṣasa – a rākṣasa, demon
  noun (masculine)
• īśvara – lord, master, ruler, god
  noun (masculine)

Note: Epithet for Rāvaṇa.