वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-10, verse-8

पञ्चवर्षसहस्राणि सूर्यं चैवान्ववर्तत ।
तस्थौ चोर्ध्वशिरो बाहुः स्वाध्यायधृतमानसः ॥८॥

8. pañcavarṣasahasrāṇi sūryaṃ caivānvavartata ,
tasthau cordhvaśiro bāhuḥ svādhyāyadhṛtamānasaḥ.

8. pañcavarṣasahasrāṇi sūryaṃ ca eva anvavartata
tasthau ca ūrdhvaśirobāhuḥ svādhyāyadhṛtamānasaḥ

8. pañcavarṣasahasrāṇi ca eva sūryaṃ anvavartata ca
ūrdhvaśirobāhuḥ svādhyāyadhṛtamānasaḥ tasthau

8. For five thousand years, he also always faced the sun. And he stood with his head and arms raised, his mind fixed on the study of sacred texts (svādhyāya).

Words meanings summery:

• पञ्चवर्षसहस्राणि (pañcavarṣasahasrāṇi) - five thousand years

• सूर्यं (sūryaṁ) - the sun

• च (ca) - also (and, also)

• एव (eva) - always (emphasizing continuity) (indeed, only, certainly)

• अन्ववर्तत (anvavartata) - always faced (he followed, he turned towards, he faced)

• तस्थौ (tasthau) - stood (he stood, he remained)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• ऊर्ध्वशिरोबाहुः (ūrdhvaśirobāhuḥ) - with his head and arms raised (with raised head and arms)

• स्वाध्यायधृतमानसः (svādhyāyadhṛtamānasaḥ) - his mind fixed on the study of sacred texts (svādhyāya) (one whose mind is held by self-study, one whose mind is fixed on Vedic recitation)

Words meanings and morphology

पञ्चवर्षसहस्राणि (pañcavarṣasahasrāṇi) - five thousand years

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of pañcavarṣasahasra

pañcavarṣasahasra - five thousand years

Compound type : dvigu (pañca+varṣasahasra)

• pañca – five
  numeral
• varṣasahasra – a thousand years
  noun (neuter)

Note: Indicates duration.

सूर्यं (sūryaṁ) - the sun

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sūrya

sūrya - the sun, sun god

Note: Object of 'anvavartata'.

च (ca) - also (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects activities.

एव (eva) - always (emphasizing continuity) (indeed, only, certainly)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes the continuous nature of the action.

अन्ववर्तत (anvavartata) - always faced (he followed, he turned towards, he faced)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect (laṅ) of vṛt

Prefixes: anu+ava

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Describes Vibhīṣaṇa's action.

तस्थौ (tasthau) - stood (he stood, he remained)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of sthā

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Describes Vibhīṣaṇa's posture.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects two actions ('followed' and 'stood').

ऊर्ध्वशिरोबाहुः (ūrdhvaśirobāhuḥ) - with his head and arms raised (with raised head and arms)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ūrdhvaśirobāhu

ūrdhvaśirobāhu - having raised head and arms

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (ūrdhva+śiras+bāhu)

• ūrdhva – upward, raised, erect
  adjective (masculine)
• śiras – head
  noun (neuter)
• bāhu – arm
  noun (masculine)

Note: Adjective modifying the implied subject (Vibhīṣaṇa).

स्वाध्यायधृतमानसः (svādhyāyadhṛtamānasaḥ) - his mind fixed on the study of sacred texts (svādhyāya) (one whose mind is held by self-study, one whose mind is fixed on Vedic recitation)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of svādhyāyadhṛtamānasa

svādhyāyadhṛtamānasa - whose mind is engrossed in self-study/Vedic recitation

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (svādhyāya+dhṛta+mānasa)

• svādhyāya – self-study, recitation of Vedic texts, spiritual study
  noun (masculine)
  From 'sva' (own) and 'adhyāya' (reading, study).
• dhṛta – held, borne, supported, fixed
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'dhṛ' (to hold).
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• mānasa – mind, mental, belonging to the mind
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from 'manas' (mind).

Note: Adjective modifying the implied subject (Vibhīṣaṇa).