वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-10, verse-10

दशवर्षसहस्रं तु निराहारो दशाननः ।
पूर्णे वर्षसहस्रे तु शिरश्चाग्नौ जुहाव सः ॥१०॥

10. daśavarṣasahasraṃ tu nirāhāro daśānanaḥ ,
pūrṇe varṣasahasre tu śiraścāgnau juhāva saḥ.

10. daśa-varṣa-sahasraṃ tu nirāhāraḥ daśānanaḥ
pūrṇe varṣa-sahasre tu śiraḥ ca agnau juhāva saḥ

10. The ten-faced (Ravana) fasted for ten thousand years. Upon the completion of a thousand years, he offered his head into the fire.

Words meanings summery:

• दश-वर्ष-सहस्रं (daśa-varṣa-sahasraṁ) - ten thousand years

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• निराहारः (nirāhāraḥ) - without food, fasting

• दशाननः (daśānanaḥ) - Ravana, the king of Lanka, who had ten heads. (ten-faced (Ravana))

• पूर्णे (pūrṇe) - when complete, upon completion

• वर्ष-सहस्रे (varṣa-sahasre) - in a thousand years, upon a thousand years

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• शिरः (śiraḥ) - head

• च (ca) - and

• अग्नौ (agnau) - in the sacrificial fire for the (Vedic ritual). (in the fire)

• जुहाव (juhāva) - He offered into the sacrificial fire. (he offered, sacrificed)

• सः (saḥ) - Ravana. (he)

Words meanings and morphology

दश-वर्ष-सहस्रं (daśa-varṣa-sahasraṁ) - ten thousand years

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of daśavarṣasahasra

daśavarṣasahasra - ten thousand years

Compound type : karmadhāraya (daśa+varṣa+sahasra)

• daśa – ten
  numeral
• varṣa – year
  noun (neuter)
• sahasra – thousand
  noun (neuter)

Note: Indicates duration.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

निराहारः (nirāhāraḥ) - without food, fasting

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nirāhāra

nirāhāra - without food, fasting, abstinent from food

Negative prefix nir- (without) + āhāra (food)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (nis+āhāra)

• nis – without, out, away
  indeclinable
  prefix
• āhāra – food, eating, taking
  noun (masculine)
  from ā + hṛ
  Prefix: ā
  Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with Daśānana.

दशाननः (daśānanaḥ) - Ravana, the king of Lanka, who had ten heads. (ten-faced (Ravana))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of daśānana

daśānana - ten-faced, Ravana

Compound of 'daśa' (ten) and 'ānana' (face)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (daśa+ānana)

• daśa – ten
  numeral
• ānana – face, mouth
  noun (neuter)

Note: Subject of the first clause.

पूर्णे (pūrṇe) - when complete, upon completion

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of pūrṇa

pūrṇa - full, complete, fulfilled

Past Passive Participle

From root pṛ (to fill)

Root: pṛ (class 9)

Note: Locative absolute construction with varṣasahasre.

वर्ष-सहस्रे (varṣa-sahasre) - in a thousand years, upon a thousand years

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of varṣasahasra

varṣasahasra - a thousand years

Compound type : tatpurusha (varṣa+sahasra)

• varṣa – year
  noun (neuter)
• sahasra – thousand
  noun (neuter)

Note: Locative absolute construction with pūrṇe.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

शिरः (śiraḥ) - head

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śiras

śiras - head

Note: Object of juhāva.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अग्नौ (agnau) - in the sacrificial fire for the (Vedic ritual). (in the fire)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of agni

agni - fire, Agni (fire deity)

जुहाव (juhāva) - He offered into the sacrificial fire. (he offered, sacrificed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of hu

Perfect Active

Class 3 verb, perfect tense form.

Root: hu (class 3)

सः (saḥ) - Ravana. (he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to Daśānana.