वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-10, verse-12

अथ वर्षसहस्रे तु दशमे दशमं शिरः ।
छेत्तुकामः स धर्मात्मा प्राप्तश्चात्र पितामहः ॥१२॥

12. atha varṣasahasre tu daśame daśamaṃ śiraḥ ,
chettukāmaḥ sa dharmātmā prāptaścātra pitāmahaḥ.

12. atha varṣa-sahasre tu daśame daśamaṃ śiraḥ
chettukāmaḥ saḥ dharmātmā prāptaḥ ca atra pitāmahaḥ

12. Then, in the tenth thousand-year period, as he (Ravana) was about to cut off his tenth head, the Grandfather (Brahmā), righteous in spirit (dharma), arrived there.

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon

• वर्ष-सहस्रे (varṣa-sahasre) - in a thousand years, during the thousand years

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• दशमे (daśame) - in the tenth

• दशमं (daśamaṁ) - the tenth head. (the tenth)

• शिरः (śiraḥ) - head

• छेत्तुकामः (chettukāmaḥ) - Ravana was about to cut off his head. (desirous of cutting, about to cut)

• सः (saḥ) - Ravana. (he)

• धर्मात्मा (dharmātmā) - Refers to Brahmā, indicating his virtuous intrinsic nature (dharma). (righteous-souled, virtuous in spirit)

• प्राप्तः (prāptaḥ) - arrived, reached, obtained

• च (ca) - and

• अत्र (atra) - To the place where Ravana was performing austerities. (here, there, in this place)

• पितामहः (pitāmahaḥ) - Lord Brahmā, the creator deity, who is often referred to as the grandfather of all beings. (grandfather, Brahma)

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon

(indeclinable)

वर्ष-सहस्रे (varṣa-sahasre) - in a thousand years, during the thousand years

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of varṣasahasra

varṣasahasra - a thousand years

Compound type : tatpurusha (varṣa+sahasra)

• varṣa – year
  noun (neuter)
• sahasra – thousand
  noun (neuter)

Note: Specifies the time.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

दशमे (daśame) - in the tenth

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of daśama

daśama - tenth

Ordinal numeral from 'daśa' (ten)

दशमं (daśamaṁ) - the tenth head. (the tenth)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of daśama

daśama - tenth

Ordinal numeral from 'daśa' (ten)

Note: Object of 'chettukāmaḥ'.

शिरः (śiraḥ) - head

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śiras

śiras - head

Note: Object of 'chettukāmaḥ'.

छेत्तुकामः (chettukāmaḥ) - Ravana was about to cut off his head. (desirous of cutting, about to cut)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of chettukāma

chettukāma - desirous of cutting, wishing to cut

Compound of 'chettum' (infinitive of chid, to cut) and 'kāma' (desire, desirous)

Compound type : tatpurusha (chettu+kāma)

• chettu – to cut (infinitive)
  indeclinable
  infinitive
  Infinitive from root chid
  Root: chid (class 7)
• kāma – desire, wish, desirous
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'saḥ' (Ravana).

सः (saḥ) - Ravana. (he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Subject of the implied action (being desirous of cutting).

धर्मात्मा (dharmātmā) - Refers to Brahmā, indicating his virtuous intrinsic nature (dharma). (righteous-souled, virtuous in spirit)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmātman

dharmātman - righteous-souled, virtuous in spirit, whose nature (dharma) is good

Compound of 'dharma' and 'ātman'

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dharma+ātman)

• dharma – constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with pitāmahaḥ.

प्राप्तः (prāptaḥ) - arrived, reached, obtained

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prāpta

prāpta - arrived, reached, obtained, attained

Past Passive Participle

From prefix pra + root āp (to obtain, reach)

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Agrees with pitāmahaḥ.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अत्र (atra) - To the place where Ravana was performing austerities. (here, there, in this place)

(indeclinable)

Derived from idam (this).

पितामहः (pitāmahaḥ) - Lord Brahmā, the creator deity, who is often referred to as the grandfather of all beings. (grandfather, Brahma)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pitāmaha

pitāmaha - grandfather, ancestor, Brahmā (as the creator, the great grandfather)

Compound of 'pitā' (father) and 'maha' (great).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (pitṛ+maha)

• pitṛ – father
  noun (masculine)
• maha – great
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Subject of prāptaḥ.