वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-10, verse-32

न तावत् कुम्भकर्णाय प्रदातव्यो वरस्त्वया ।
जानीषे हि यथा लोकांस्त्रासयत्येष दुर्मतिः ॥३२॥

32. na tāvat kumbhakarṇāya pradātavyo varastvayā ,
jānīṣe hi yathā lokāṃstrāsayatyeṣa durmatiḥ.

32. na tāvat kumbhakarṇāya pradātavyaḥ varaḥ tvayā
jānīṣe hi yathā lokān trāsayati eṣaḥ durmatiḥ

32. tāvat kumbhakarṇāya varaḥ tvayā na pradātavyaḥ
hi yathā eṣaḥ durmatiḥ lokān त्रासयति jānīṣe

32. Therefore, a boon should not be granted by you to Kumbhakarṇa, for you surely know how this evil-minded one terrorizes the worlds.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• तावत् (tāvat) - then, therefore (then, so, in that case, so long, therefore)

• कुम्भकर्णाय (kumbhakarṇāya) - to Kumbhakarṇa (to Kumbhakarna)

• प्रदातव्यः (pradātavyaḥ) - should be granted (to be given, grantable, bestowable)

• वरः (varaḥ) - a boon (boon, wish, blessing)

• त्वया (tvayā) - by you (Prajāpati) (by you)

• जानीषे (jānīṣe) - you know (you know, you perceive)

• हि (hi) - for, indeed (indeed, for, because, surely)

• यथा (yathā) - how (how, as, just as)

• लोकान् (lokān) - the worlds (worlds, people, regions)

• त्रासयति (trāsayati) - frightens, terrorizes (frightens, causes to tremble, terrorizes)

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this one (Kumbhakarṇa) (this, this one, he)

• दुर्मतिः (durmatiḥ) - evil-minded (evil-minded, wicked, foolish)

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

तावत् (tāvat) - then, therefore (then, so, in that case, so long, therefore)

(indeclinable)

Correlative to `yāvat`.

कुम्भकर्णाय (kumbhakarṇāya) - to Kumbhakarṇa (to Kumbhakarna)

(proper noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of kumbhakarṇa

kumbhakarṇa - Kumbhakarna (name of Rāvaṇa's brother)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kumbha+karṇa)

• kumbha – a pot, pitcher, jar
  noun (masculine)
• karṇa – ear
  noun (masculine)

Note: Indirect object for `pradātavyaḥ`.

प्रदातव्यः (pradātavyaḥ) - should be granted (to be given, grantable, bestowable)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pradātavya

pradātavya - to be given, grantable, bestowable

Gerundive (Future Passive Participle)

Formed from pra-√dā (to give, grant) with the suffix -tavya.

Prefix: pra

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Agrees with `varaḥ`.

वरः (varaḥ) - a boon (boon, wish, blessing)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vara

vara - boon, wish, blessing, excellent, best

From √vṛ (to choose, select).

Root: vṛ (class 1)

त्वया (tvayā) - by you (Prajāpati) (by you)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of tvam

tvam - you (singular)

Pronominal declension of `tvam`.

जानीषे (jānīṣe) - you know (you know, you perceive)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of jñā

Present tense, middle voice (Ātmanepada)

Present 2nd person singular Ātmanepada, from root √jñā.

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Subject is Prajāpati (implied 'you').

हि (hi) - for, indeed (indeed, for, because, surely)

(indeclinable)

Explicative or causal particle.

यथा (yathā) - how (how, as, just as)

(indeclinable)

Relative adverb.

लोकान् (lokān) - the worlds (worlds, people, regions)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of loka

loka - world, people, region, realm

From √lok (to see).

Root: lok (class 1)

त्रासयति (trāsayati) - frightens, terrorizes (frightens, causes to tremble, terrorizes)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of tras

Causative Present tense

Causative of root √tras, Present 3rd person singular active.

Root: tras (class 4)

Note: Subject is `eṣaḥ durmatiḥ`.

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this one (Kumbhakarṇa) (this, this one, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Subject of `trāsayati`.

दुर्मतिः (durmatiḥ) - evil-minded (evil-minded, wicked, foolish)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of durmati

durmati - evil-minded, wicked, foolish, having bad intentions

Compound of `dur` (bad, difficult) + `mati` (mind, intellect).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dur+mati)

• dur – bad, difficult, ill (prefix)
  indeclinable
  An upasarga.
• mati – mind, intellect, intention, thought
  noun (feminine)
  From √man (to think).
  Root: man (class 4)