मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-70, verse-19
सन्ति नः प्रमदा भूप रूपेणाप्सरसां समाः ।
राक्षस्यस्तासु तिष्ठत्सु मानुषीषु रतिः कथम् ॥१९॥
राक्षस्यस्तासु तिष्ठत्सु मानुषीषु रतिः कथम् ॥१९॥
19. santi naḥ pramadā bhūpa rūpeṇāpsarasāṃ samāḥ .
rākṣasyastāsu tiṣṭhatsu mānuṣīṣu ratiḥ katham.
rākṣasyastāsu tiṣṭhatsu mānuṣīṣu ratiḥ katham.
19.
santi naḥ pramadāḥ bhūpa rūpeṇa apsarasām samāḥ
rākṣasyaḥ tāsu tiṣṭhatsu mānuṣīṣu ratiḥ katham
rākṣasyaḥ tāsu tiṣṭhatsu mānuṣīṣu ratiḥ katham
19.
O king, we possess women who are equal to Apsaras in beauty. When such rākṣasa women are available, how can there be any desire for human women?
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- सन्ति (santi) - they are, there are
- नः (naḥ) - to us, for us, we (genitive/dative/accusative enclitic)
- प्रमदाः (pramadāḥ) - women, lovely women
- भूप (bhūpa) - O king
- रूपेण (rūpeṇa) - by beauty, in appearance
- अप्सरसाम् (apsarasām) - of Apsaras
- समाः (samāḥ) - equal, similar
- राक्षस्यः (rākṣasyaḥ) - rākṣasa women, female demons
- तासु (tāsu) - in them, among them (feminine)
- तिष्ठत्सु (tiṣṭhatsu) - while existing, being present
- मानुषीषु (mānuṣīṣu) - in human women, among human women
- रतिः (ratiḥ) - delight, pleasure, desire
- कथम् (katham) - how? why?
Words meanings and morphology
सन्ति (santi) - they are, there are
(verb)
3rd person , plural, active, present (lat) of as
Present Active
Present tense, 3rd person plural, active voice. Root as (class 2).
Root: as (class 2)
नः (naḥ) - to us, for us, we (genitive/dative/accusative enclitic)
(pronoun)
Dative, plural of asmad
asmad - I, we
Note: Dative of possession: "there are to us" = "we have".
प्रमदाः (pramadāḥ) - women, lovely women
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, plural of pramadā
pramadā - a beautiful woman, a lovely woman
Derived from root mad (to rejoice) with prefix pra-.
Prefix: pra
Root: mad (class 4)
Note: Subject of `santi`.
भूप (bhūpa) - O king
(noun)
Vocative, masculine, singular of bhūpa
bhūpa - king, protector of the earth
From bhū (earth) + pa (protector).
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhū+pa)
- bhū – earth, ground
noun (feminine) - pa – protector, preserver
noun (masculine)
Agent noun from root pā (to protect).
Root: pā (class 2)
Note: Addressing the king.
रूपेण (rūpeṇa) - by beauty, in appearance
(noun)
Instrumental, neuter, singular of rūpa
rūpa - form, shape, beauty, appearance
Note: Instrumental of comparison.
अप्सरसाम् (apsarasām) - of Apsaras
(noun)
Genitive, feminine, plural of apsaras
apsaras - an Apsaras (celestial nymph)
Note: Possessive, "of Apsaras".
समाः (samāḥ) - equal, similar
(adjective)
Nominative, feminine, plural of sama
sama - equal, similar, like, same
Note: Agrees with `pramadāḥ`.
राक्षस्यः (rākṣasyaḥ) - rākṣasa women, female demons
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, plural of rākṣasī
rākṣasī - a female rākṣasa, demoness
Feminine form of rākṣasa.
Note: Explicitly stating that `pramadāḥ` are `rākṣasyaḥ`.
तासु (tāsu) - in them, among them (feminine)
(pronoun)
Locative, feminine, plural of tad
tad - that, those
Note: Refers to `rākṣasyaḥ`. Part of a locative absolute construction.
तिष्ठत्सु (tiṣṭhatsu) - while existing, being present
(adjective)
Locative, feminine, plural of tiṣṭhat
tiṣṭhat - standing, existing, being present
Present Active Participle
Locative plural feminine of Present Active Participle of root sthā (to stand, be).
Root: sthā (class 1)
Note: Agrees with `tāsu`, forming a locative absolute "while those (rākṣasa women) exist".
मानुषीषु (mānuṣīṣu) - in human women, among human women
(noun)
Locative, feminine, plural of mānuṣī
mānuṣī - a human woman
Feminine form of mānuṣa.
Note: Locative of place or object of desire.
रतिः (ratiḥ) - delight, pleasure, desire
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of rati
rati - delight, pleasure, love, sexual desire
Derived from root ram (to rejoice, sport).
Root: ram (class 1)
Note: Subject of an implied "is".
कथम् (katham) - how? why?
(indeclinable)
Note: Interrogative adverb.