मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-126, verse-31
सामभेदतया दम्या देशकालमवेक्षता ।
चारांश्च चारयेदन्यैरज्ञातान्भूपतिश्चरैः ॥३१॥
चारांश्च चारयेदन्यैरज्ञातान्भूपतिश्चरैः ॥३१॥
31. sāmabhedatayā damyā deśakālamavekṣatā .
cārāṃśca cārayedanyairajñātānbhūpatiścaraiḥ.
cārāṃśca cārayedanyairajñātānbhūpatiścaraiḥ.
31.
sāma bheda tayā damyāḥ deśa kālam avekṣatā
cārān ca cārayet anyaiḥ ajñātān bhūpatiḥ caraiḥ
cārān ca cārayet anyaiḥ ajñātān bhūpatiḥ caraiḥ
31.
The king, considering the specific place and time, should subdue (damya) (opponents) through strategies of conciliation and division. He should also deploy spies (cāra) who are unknown to others, using his (other) secret agents (cara).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- साम भेद तया (sāma bheda tayā) - through strategies of conciliation and division (by means of conciliation and division)
- दम्याः (damyāḥ) - those (opponents) who are to be subdued (to be subdued, to be controlled, punishable)
- देश-कालम् (deśa-kālam) - the specific place and time, circumstances (place and time, circumstances)
- अवेक्षता (avekṣatā) - carefully considering (by the king) (observing, considering)
- चारान् (cārān) - spies, secret agents
- च (ca) - also (and, furthermore)
- चारयेत् (cārayet) - should deploy (should cause to move, should employ, should send)
- अन्यैः (anyaiḥ) - by others
- अज्ञातान् (ajñātān) - unknown (to others) (unknown, unrecognized)
- भूपतिः (bhūpatiḥ) - the king, ruler
- चरैः (caraiḥ) - (using his other) secret agents (by spies, by secret agents)
Words meanings and morphology
साम भेद तया (sāma bheda tayā) - through strategies of conciliation and division (by means of conciliation and division)
(noun)
Instrumental, feminine, singular of sāma-bheda-tā
sāma-bheda-tā - the state or means of conciliation and division
Derived from 'sāma-bheda' (dvandva compound) + '-tā' (suffix for abstract noun), here used in instrumental singular 'tayā'.
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sāma+bheda+tā)
- sāma – conciliation, mildness, persuasion
noun (neuter) - bheda – division, disunion, breaking
noun (masculine)
Root: bhid (class 7) - tā – suffix forming abstract noun, state, quality
suffix (feminine)
Note: `tayā` functions as an instrumental ending for the compound.
दम्याः (damyāḥ) - those (opponents) who are to be subdued (to be subdued, to be controlled, punishable)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of damya
damya - to be subdued, controlled, tamed
Gerundive
Derived from root 'dam' (to subdue, control) with suffix '-ya'.
Root: dam (class 4)
Note: Nominative plural for the implied agents of subduing.
देश-कालम् (deśa-kālam) - the specific place and time, circumstances (place and time, circumstances)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of deśa-kāla
deśa-kāla - place and time, circumstances
Compound type : dvandva (deśa+kāla)
- deśa – place, region, country
noun (masculine) - kāla – time, season, proper moment
noun (masculine)
Note: Here in accusative singular, object of `avekṣatā`.
अवेक्षता (avekṣatā) - carefully considering (by the king) (observing, considering)
(participle)
Instrumental, masculine, singular of avekṣat
avekṣat - observing, looking at, considering
Present Active Participle
Derived from root 'īkṣ' (to see) with upasarga 'ava-'. Declined in instrumental singular.
Prefix: ava
Root: īkṣ (class 1)
Note: Refers to the king (`bhūpatiḥ`).
चारान् (cārān) - spies, secret agents
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, plural of cāra
cāra - spy, secret agent
Derived from root 'car' (to move).
Root: car (class 1)
Note: Direct object of `cārayet`.
च (ca) - also (and, furthermore)
(indeclinable)
चारयेत् (cārayet) - should deploy (should cause to move, should employ, should send)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of car
Causative Optative
3rd person singular optative active of the causative stem `cāri` from root 'car'.
Root: car (class 1)
Note: Expresses command/injunction to the king.
अन्यैः (anyaiḥ) - by others
(pronoun)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of anya
anya - other, different
Note: Agent of being 'unknown'.
अज्ञातान् (ajñātān) - unknown (to others) (unknown, unrecognized)
(adjective)
Accusative, masculine, plural of ajñāta
ajñāta - unknown, unrecognized
Past Passive Participle
Negative compound (nañ-tatpuruṣa) of 'jñāta' (known), derived from root 'jñā' (to know).
Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+jñāta)
- a – not, non-
indeclinable - jñāta – known, understood
adjective (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
Derived from root 'jñā' (to know).
Root: jñā (class 9)
Note: Qualifies `cārān`.
भूपतिः (bhūpatiḥ) - the king, ruler
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of bhūpati
bhūpati - king, ruler (literally 'lord of the earth')
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhū+pati)
- bhū – earth, ground
noun (feminine) - pati – lord, master, husband
noun (masculine)
Note: Subject of `cārayet`.
चरैः (caraiḥ) - (using his other) secret agents (by spies, by secret agents)
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of cara
cara - spy, secret agent, messenger
Derived from root 'car' (to move).
Root: car (class 1)
Note: Instrumental agent or means.