महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-17, verse-5

श्रुत्वा तु निहतं शल्यं धर्मपुत्रं च पीडितम् ।
मद्रराजप्रिये युक्तैर्मद्रकाणां महारथैः ॥५॥

5. śrutvā tu nihataṁ śalyaṁ dharmaputraṁ ca pīḍitam ,
madrarājapriye yuktairmadrakāṇāṁ mahārathaiḥ.

5. śrutvā tu nihatam śalyam dharmaputram ca pīḍitam
madrarājapriye yuktaiḥ madrakāṇām mahārathaiḥ

5. tu śalyam nihatam ca dharmaputram pīḍitam śrutvā,
madrarājapriye,
madrakāṇām yuktaiḥ mahārathaiḥ

5. Having heard that Shalya was slain and the son of dharma (Yudhiṣṭhira) was distressed, along with the well-equipped great charioteers of the Madras, O beloved of the Madra king.

Words meanings summery:

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard, after hearing

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however, then

• निहतम् (nihatam) - slain in battle (killed, struck down, destroyed)

• शल्यम् (śalyam) - King Shalya (Shalya (proper noun), spear, dart, thorn)

• धर्मपुत्रम् (dharmaputram) - Yudhiṣṭhira (son of dharma, Yudhiṣṭhira)

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• पीडितम् (pīḍitam) - feeling sorrow or grief (distressed, afflicted, tormented, oppressed)

• मद्रराजप्रिये (madrarājapriye) - Narratorial address, perhaps to a specific listener or generally. (O beloved of the Madra king)

• युक्तैः (yuktaiḥ) - well-equipped for battle, joined with (equipped, joined, engaged, united)

• मद्रकाणाम् (madrakāṇām) - belonging to the people of the Madra kingdom (of the Madras (people))

• महारथैः (mahārathaiḥ) - by great charioteers, by heroes

Words meanings and morphology

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard, after hearing

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Derived from root śru + suffix -tvā

Root: śru (class 5)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however, then

(indeclinable)

निहतम् (nihatam) - slain in battle (killed, struck down, destroyed)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nihata

nihata - killed, struck down, destroyed, defeated

Past Passive Participle

From ni-han (to strike, kill)

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

शल्यम् (śalyam) - King Shalya (Shalya (proper noun), spear, dart, thorn)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śalya

śalya - Shalya (name of a king); spear, dart, thorn; pain

धर्मपुत्रम् (dharmaputram) - Yudhiṣṭhira (son of dharma, Yudhiṣṭhira)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharmaputra

dharmaputra - son of dharma, righteous son

Compound of dharma and putra

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+putra)

• dharma – constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty, virtue, cosmic order
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Yudhiṣṭhira.

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

पीडितम् (pīḍitam) - feeling sorrow or grief (distressed, afflicted, tormented, oppressed)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pīḍita

pīḍita - distressed, afflicted, tormented, oppressed, harassed

Past Passive Participle

From root pīḍ (to oppress, distress)

Root: pīḍ (class 10)

मद्रराजप्रिये (madrarājapriye) - Narratorial address, perhaps to a specific listener or generally. (O beloved of the Madra king)

(noun)

Vocative, feminine, singular of madrarājapriyā

madrarājapriyā - beloved of the Madra king

Compound of Madrarāja (king of Madras) and priyā (beloved female). Vocative singular of -priyā.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (madrarāja+priyā)

• madrarāja – king of Madras
  compound noun (masculine)
  Compound of Madra (name of a people/region) and rāja (king).
• priyā – beloved, dear (female)
  noun (feminine)

Note: Addressed to a female person dear to the Madra king, possibly an archaic narrative device.

युक्तैः (yuktaiḥ) - well-equipped for battle, joined with (equipped, joined, engaged, united)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of yukta

yukta - joined, united, equipped, engaged, fit, proper, attentive

Past Passive Participle

From root yuj (to join, connect)

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Modifies 'mahārathaiḥ'.

मद्रकाणाम् (madrakāṇām) - belonging to the people of the Madra kingdom (of the Madras (people))

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of madraka

madraka - a native or inhabitant of the Madra country; a kind of bird; an actor

Note: Refers to the people of the Madra kingdom.

महारथैः (mahārathaiḥ) - by great charioteers, by heroes

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of mahāratha

mahāratha - a great warrior, a great charioteer; a large chariot

Compound of mahā (great) and ratha (chariot/warrior on chariot).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• ratha – chariot; warrior (on a chariot)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to the skilled warriors/charioteers.