महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-17, verse-27

पाण्डवास्तु रणे दृष्ट्वा मद्रराजपदानुगान् ।
सहितानभ्यवर्तन्त गुल्ममास्थाय मध्यमम् ॥२७॥

27. pāṇḍavāstu raṇe dṛṣṭvā madrarājapadānugān ,
sahitānabhyavartanta gulmamāsthāya madhyamam.

27. pāṇḍavāḥ tu raṇe dṛṣṭvā madrarājapadānugān
sahitān abhyavartanta gulmam āsthāya madhyamam

27. tu pāṇḍavāḥ raṇe sahitān madrarājapadānugān
dṛṣṭvā madhyamam gulmam āsthāya abhyavartanta

27. But the Pāṇḍavas, having observed the united followers of the Madra king in battle, advanced against them, forming a central tactical formation.

Words meanings summery:

• पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - the Pāṇḍavas

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, on the battlefield

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, having observed

• मद्राराजपदानुगान् (madrārājapadānugān) - the followers of the Madra king

• सहितान् (sahitān) - united, assembled, accompanied

• अभ्यवर्तन्त (abhyavartanta) - they turned towards, approached, advanced

• गुल्मम् (gulmam) - a tactical formation, thicket, cluster

• आस्थाय (āsthāya) - having taken up, having assumed, having adopted

• मध्यमम् (madhyamam) - central, middle

Words meanings and morphology

पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - the Pāṇḍavas

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, the Pāṇḍavas

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, on the battlefield

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, conflict

Locative singular of raṇa

Root: raṇ (class 1)

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, having observed

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Absolutive form of √dṛś

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Functions as adverbial participle

मद्राराजपदानुगान् (madrārājapadānugān) - the followers of the Madra king

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of madrārājapadānuga

madrārājapadānuga - follower of the Madra king

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (madra+rājan+pada+anuga)

• madra – Madra (a country/people)
  proper noun (masculine)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• pada – foot, step, trace
  noun (neuter)
  Root: pad (class 4)
• anuga – following, follower
  adjective (masculine)
  Formed from anu + √gam
  Prefix: anu
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Object of dṛṣṭvā

सहितान् (sahitān) - united, assembled, accompanied

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sahita

sahita - united, accompanied, joined, together

Past Passive Participle

Derived from sa-hita (from √dhā with prefix sa)

Prefix: sa

Root: dhā (class 3)

अभ्यवर्तन्त (abhyavartanta) - they turned towards, approached, advanced

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of √vṛt

Imperfect Middle

Third person plural imperfect middle of √vṛt with prefixes abhi and ava

Prefixes: abhi+ava

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Root vṛt, prefixes abhi, ava

गुल्मम् (gulmam) - a tactical formation, thicket, cluster

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of gulma

gulma - thicket, bush, cluster, military formation (division of an army)

Note: Object of āsthāya

आस्थाय (āsthāya) - having taken up, having assumed, having adopted

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Absolutive form of √sthā with prefix ā

Prefix: ā

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Functions as adverbial participle

मध्यमम् (madhyamam) - central, middle

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of madhyama

madhyama - middle, central, intermediate