महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-17, verse-19

किं नः संप्रेक्षमाणानां मद्राणां हन्यते बलम् ।
न युक्तमेतत्समरे त्वयि तिष्ठति भारत ॥१९॥

19. kiṁ naḥ saṁprekṣamāṇānāṁ madrāṇāṁ hanyate balam ,
na yuktametatsamare tvayi tiṣṭhati bhārata.

19. kim naḥ samprekṣamāṇānām madrāṇām hanyate balam
| na yuktam etat samare tvayi tiṣṭhati bhārata

19. naḥ samprekṣamāṇānām madrāṇām balam kim hanyate? bhārata,
tvayi samare tiṣṭhati etat na yuktam

19. Why is the strength of the Madras being destroyed while we are looking on? This is not proper, O Bharata, while you are standing on the battlefield.

Words meanings summery:

• किम् (kim) - why (what, why, whether)

• नः (naḥ) - while we are (looking on) (of us, to us, our)

• सम्प्रेक्षमाणानाम् (samprekṣamāṇānām) - while we are (looking on) (of those who are looking on, watching)

• मद्राणाम् (madrāṇām) - of the Madras (an allied army) (of the Madras (people from Madra kingdom))

• हन्यते (hanyate) - is being destroyed (is being killed, is being struck, is being destroyed)

• बलम् (balam) - strength (of the army) (strength, force, army)

• न (na) - not

• युक्तम् (yuktam) - proper (proper, fit, joined, yoked)

• एतत् (etat) - this (situation) (this, this thing)

• समरे (samare) - on the battlefield (in battle, on the battlefield)

• त्वयि (tvayi) - while you (are standing) (in you, on you)

• तिष्ठति (tiṣṭhati) - while you are standing (he stands, it stands, standing)

• भारत (bhārata) - O descendant of Bharata (Duryodhana) (O descendant of Bharata, O Bharata)

Words meanings and morphology

किम् (kim) - why (what, why, whether)

(indeclinable)

नः (naḥ) - while we are (looking on) (of us, to us, our)

(pronoun)

Genitive, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Functions as 'our' or 'us' related to the participle.

सम्प्रेक्षमाणानाम् (samprekṣamāṇānām) - while we are (looking on) (of those who are looking on, watching)

(participle)

Genitive, masculine, plural of samprekṣamāṇa

samprekṣamāṇa - looking on, watching, observing

present middle participle

from root √īkṣ (to see, look) with upasargas 'sam' and 'pra'.

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Used in a locative absolute-like construction (implicit).

मद्राणाम् (madrāṇām) - of the Madras (an allied army) (of the Madras (people from Madra kingdom))

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of madra

madra - the people of Madra (a kingdom in ancient India)

Note: Refers to the Madra forces, who were allies of Duryodhana.

हन्यते (hanyate) - is being destroyed (is being killed, is being struck, is being destroyed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (lat) of han

present tense (passive voice)

from root √han (to strike, kill), passive form.

Root: han (class 2)

बलम् (balam) - strength (of the army) (strength, force, army)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bala

bala - strength, power, force, army, might

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

युक्तम् (yuktam) - proper (proper, fit, joined, yoked)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yukta

yukta - joined, united, fit, proper, engaged (past passive participle of √yuj)

past passive participle

from root √yuj (to join, connect)

Root: yuj (class 7)

एतत् (etat) - this (situation) (this, this thing)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, that

Note: Subject of the implied 'is' with 'yuktam'.

समरे (samare) - on the battlefield (in battle, on the battlefield)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samara

samara - battle, war, combat

त्वयि (tvayi) - while you (are standing) (in you, on you)

(pronoun)

Locative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (singular)

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction.

तिष्ठति (tiṣṭhati) - while you are standing (he stands, it stands, standing)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of sthā

present tense

from root √sthā (to stand), 3rd person singular.

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction (tvayi tiṣṭhati - 'while you stand').

भारत (bhārata) - O descendant of Bharata (Duryodhana) (O descendant of Bharata, O Bharata)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, an Indian, a warrior (often used as an appellation in the Mahabharata)

patronymic from Bharata.

Note: Addressing Duryodhana.