महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-17, verse-2

दुर्योधनस्तु द्विरदमारुह्याचलसंनिभम् ।
छत्रेण ध्रियमाणेन वीज्यमानश्च चामरैः ।
न गन्तव्यं न गन्तव्यमिति मद्रानवारयत् ॥२॥

2. duryodhanastu dviradamāruhyācalasaṁnibham ,
chatreṇa dhriyamāṇena vījyamānaśca cāmaraiḥ ,
na gantavyaṁ na gantavyamiti madrānavārayat.

2. duryodhanaḥ tu dviradam āruhya
acalasaṃnibham chatreṇa dhriyamāṇena
vījyamānaḥ ca cāmaraiḥ na gantavyaṃ
na gantavyaṃ iti madrān avārayat

2. duryodhanaḥ tu acalasaṃnibham dviradam
āruhya dhriyamāṇena chatreṇa
ca cāmaraiḥ vījyamānaḥ "na gantavyaṃ
na gantavyaṃ" iti madrān avārayat

2. But Duryodhana, having mounted a mountain-like elephant, with an umbrella held (over him) and being fanned by whisks, restrained the Madras, saying, "Do not go! Do not go!"

Words meanings summery:

• दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• द्विरदम् (dviradam) - an elephant

• आरुह्य (āruhya) - having mounted, having ascended

• अचलसंनिभम् (acalasaṁnibham) - mountain-like, resembling a mountain

• छत्रेण (chatreṇa) - by an umbrella, with an umbrella

• ध्रियमाणेन (dhriyamāṇena) - by being held, by being supported

• वीज्यमानः (vījyamānaḥ) - Duryodhana being fanned (being fanned)

• च (ca) - and

• चामरैः (cāmaraiḥ) - by whisks, by yak-tail fans

• न (na) - not, no

• गन्तव्यं (gantavyaṁ) - "one must not go" (to be gone, should go)

• न (na) - not, no

• गन्तव्यं (gantavyaṁ) - "one must not go" (to be gone, should go)

• इति (iti) - thus, saying

• मद्रान् (madrān) - the Madras (people from Madra)

• अवारयत् (avārayat) - he restrained, he prevented

Words meanings and morphology

दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (a proper name)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

द्विरदम् (dviradam) - an elephant

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dvirada

dvirada - elephant (lit. "having two tusks")

Compound of dvi (two) and rada (tusk/tooth)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dvi+rada)

• dvi – two
  numeral
• rada – tusk, tooth
  noun (masculine)
  From √rad (to scrape, gnaw)
  Root: rad (class 1)

Note: Object of āruhya.

आरुह्य (āruhya) - having mounted, having ascended

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From √ruh (to grow, ascend) with prefix ā-

Prefix: ā

Root: ruh (class 1)

अचलसंनिभम् (acalasaṁnibham) - mountain-like, resembling a mountain

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of acalasaṃnibha

acalasaṁnibha - resembling a mountain, mountain-like

Compound of acala (mountain) and saṃnibha (resembling)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (acala+saṃnibha)

• acala – mountain (lit. "immovable")
  noun (masculine)
  From a- (not) + cala (moving)
  Prefix: a
  Root: cal (class 1)
• saṃnibha – resembling, similar to
  adjective (masculine)
  From sam (with, like) + nibha (appearing)
  Prefix: sam
  Root: bhā (class 1)

Note: Modifies dviradam.

छत्रेण (chatreṇa) - by an umbrella, with an umbrella

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of chatra

chatra - umbrella, parasol

Note: Used with dhriyamāṇena.

ध्रियमाणेन (dhriyamāṇena) - by being held, by being supported

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of dhriyamāṇa

dhriyamāṇa - being held, being supported, being sustained

Present Passive Participle

From √dhṛ (to hold, support) in the passive

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with chatreṇa.

वीज्यमानः (vījyamānaḥ) - Duryodhana being fanned (being fanned)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vījyamāṇa

vījyamāṇa - being fanned, being agitated by wind

Present Passive Participle

From √vīj (to fan, move) in the passive

Root: vīj (class 1)

Note: Agrees with duryodhanaḥ.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

चामरैः (cāmaraiḥ) - by whisks, by yak-tail fans

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of cāmara

cāmara - yak-tail whisk, fan

Note: Agent of vījyamānaḥ.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates gantavyaṃ.

गन्तव्यं (gantavyaṁ) - "one must not go" (to be gone, should go)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of gantavya

gantavya - to be gone, suitable to be gone, should go

Gerundive (Future Passive Participle)

From √gam (to go) + tavya suffix

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: The neuter nominative singular implies an impersonal passive sense, "it should not be gone".

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates gantavyaṃ.

गन्तव्यं (gantavyaṁ) - "one must not go" (to be gone, should go)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of gantavya

gantavya - to be gone, suitable to be gone, should go

Gerundive (Future Passive Participle)

From √gam (to go) + tavya suffix

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: The neuter nominative singular implies an impersonal passive sense, "it should not be gone".

इति (iti) - thus, saying

(indeclinable)

Note: Introduces the quoted speech.

मद्रान् (madrān) - the Madras (people from Madra)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of madra

madra - a native of Madra, the Madra people

Note: Object of avārayat.

अवारयत् (avārayat) - he restrained, he prevented

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of vṛ

Imperfect Active

From √vṛ (to cover, restrain) in the causal/10th class, with prefix a- (augment for imperfect)

Root: vṛ (class 1)