महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-17, verse-10

पुरोवातेन गङ्गेव क्षोभ्यमाना महानदी ।
अक्षोभ्यत तदा राजन्पाण्डूनां ध्वजिनी पुनः ॥१०॥

10. purovātena gaṅgeva kṣobhyamānā mahānadī ,
akṣobhyata tadā rājanpāṇḍūnāṁ dhvajinī punaḥ.

10. purovātena gaṅgā iva kṣobhyamānā mahānadī
akṣobhyata tadā rājan pāṇḍūnām dhvajinī punaḥ

10. rājan tadā punaḥ pāṇḍūnām dhvajinī purovātena
kṣobhyamānā gaṅgā mahānadī iva akṣobhyata

10. O king, the army (dhvajinī) of the Pāṇḍavas was then again agitated, just like the great river Gaṅgā being disturbed by a strong headwind.

Words meanings summery:

• पुरोवातेन (purovātena) - by a strong wind, by a headwind, by a front wind

• गङ्गा (gaṅgā) - the river Gaṅgā

• इव (iva) - like, as if

• क्षोभ्यमाना (kṣobhyamānā) - being agitated, being disturbed

• महानदी (mahānadī) - great river

• अक्षोभ्यत (akṣobhyata) - was agitated, was disturbed

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• राजन् (rājan) - addressed to Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O king)

• पाण्डूनाम् (pāṇḍūnām) - of the Pāṇḍavas

• ध्वजिनी (dhvajinī) - army (lit. 'that which has banners')

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, moreover, but

Words meanings and morphology

पुरोवातेन (purovātena) - by a strong wind, by a headwind, by a front wind

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of purovāta

purovāta - front wind, headwind, strong wind

Compound type : karmadhāraya (puras+vāta)

• puras – front, before, ahead
  indeclinable
• vāta – wind, air
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vā (class 2)

Note: Agent of agitation.

गङ्गा (gaṅgā) - the river Gaṅgā

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of gaṅgā

gaṅgā - the river Ganges

Note: Part of the simile.

इव (iva) - like, as if

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle of comparison.

क्षोभ्यमाना (kṣobhyamānā) - being agitated, being disturbed

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kṣobhyamāṇa

kṣobhyamāṇa - being agitated, being disturbed, being made to tremble

Present Passive Participle

derived from causative root `kṣobh` (kṣobhayati) in passive voice

Root: kṣubh (class 1)

महानदी (mahānadī) - great river

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of mahānadī

mahānadī - great river

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahat+nadī)

• mahat – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• nadī – river
  noun (feminine)

Note: Qualifies 'gaṅgā' and is the subject of 'akṣobhyata' in the simile.

अक्षोभ्यत (akṣobhyata) - was agitated, was disturbed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, imperfect past (laṅ) of kṣobhyate

Passive voice from causative root

Imperfect passive, 3rd person singular, of causative `kṣobhayati` (to agitate). The `a` prefix indicates imperfect tense.

Root: kṣubh (class 1)

Note: Verb for 'dhvajinī'.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

formed from `tad`

Note: Adverb of time.

राजन् (rājan) - addressed to Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

n-stem noun.

Root: rāj (class 1)

पाण्डूनाम् (pāṇḍūnām) - of the Pāṇḍavas

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of pāṇḍu

pāṇḍu - Pāṇḍu (name of a king), pale, yellowish

Refers to King Pāṇḍu, and by extension his sons, the Pāṇḍavas.

Note: Possessive of 'dhvajinī'.

ध्वजिनी (dhvajinī) - army (lit. 'that which has banners')

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of dhvajinī

dhvajinī - army, host, military force (lit. 'having banners')

Derived from `dhvaja` (banner) + `ini` (possessive suffix) + `ī` (feminine suffix).

Note: Subject of 'akṣobhyata'.

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, moreover, but

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb.