महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-17, verse-1

संजय उवाच ।
शल्ये तु निहते राजन्मद्रराजपदानुगाः ।
रथाः सप्तशता वीरा निर्ययुर्महतो बलात् ॥१॥

1. saṁjaya uvāca ,
śalye tu nihate rājanmadrarājapadānugāḥ ,
rathāḥ saptaśatā vīrā niryayurmahato balāt.

1. sañjayaḥ uvāca śalye tu nihate rājan madrarājapadānugāḥ
rathāḥ saptasatāḥ vīrāḥ niryayuḥ mahataḥ balāt

1. sañjayaḥ uvāca rājan śalye nihate tu madrarājapadānugāḥ
saptasatāḥ vīrāḥ rathāḥ mahataḥ balāt niryayuḥ

1. Sañjaya said: O King, when Śalya had been killed, seven hundred brave charioteers, followers of the king of Madras, emerged from the vast army.

Words meanings summery:

• सञ्जयः (sañjayaḥ) - Sañjaya

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• शल्ये (śalye) - when Śalya was killed (in Śalya, concerning Śalya)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• निहते (nihate) - having been killed, destroyed

• राजन् (rājan) - O King

• मद्रराजपदानुगाः (madrarājapadānugāḥ) - followers of the king of Madras

• रथाः (rathāḥ) - charioteers (chariots, charioteers, warriors in chariots)

• सप्तसताः (saptasatāḥ) - seven hundred

• वीराः (vīrāḥ) - brave, heroic, warriors

• निर्ययुः (niryayuḥ) - they marched out, they issued forth, they departed

• महतः (mahataḥ) - from the great, from the vast

• बलात् (balāt) - from the army (from the army, from the force, from the strength)

Words meanings and morphology

सञ्जयः (sañjayaḥ) - Sañjaya

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sañjaya

sañjaya - Sañjaya (a proper name)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Active

Irregular perfect form from √vac

Root: vac (class 2)

शल्ये (śalye) - when Śalya was killed (in Śalya, concerning Śalya)

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of śalya

śalya - Śalya (a proper name, king of Madras)

Note: Used in locative absolute construction.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

निहते (nihate) - having been killed, destroyed

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of nihata

nihata - killed, struck down, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

From √han (to strike, kill) with prefix ni-

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Used in locative absolute construction, modifying śalye.

राजन् (rājan) - O King

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

मद्रराजपदानुगाः (madrarājapadānugāḥ) - followers of the king of Madras

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of madrarājapadānuga

madrarājapadānuga - follower of the Madra king's footsteps, follower of the Madra king

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (madrarāja+padānuga)

• madrarāja – king of Madras
  proper noun (masculine)
• padānuga – following footsteps, follower
  noun (masculine)
  From pada (footstep) + anuga (following), from √gam with prefix anu
  Prefix: anu
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Refers to the charioteers.

रथाः (rathāḥ) - charioteers (chariots, charioteers, warriors in chariots)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ratha

ratha - chariot, war-car; a warrior in a chariot

सप्तसताः (saptasatāḥ) - seven hundred

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of saptasata

saptasata - seven hundred

Compound of sapta (seven) and śata (hundred)

Compound type : dvigu (sapta+śata)

• sapta – seven
  numeral
• śata – hundred
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with rathāḥ.

वीराः (vīrāḥ) - brave, heroic, warriors

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vīra

vīra - brave, heroic, warrior, hero

Note: Agrees with rathāḥ.

निर्ययुः (niryayuḥ) - they marched out, they issued forth, they departed

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of niryā

Perfect Active

From √yā (to go) with prefix nir-

Prefix: nir

Root: yā (class 2)

महतः (mahataḥ) - from the great, from the vast

(adjective)

Ablative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, vast, mighty

Note: Agrees with balāt.

बलात् (balāt) - from the army (from the army, from the force, from the strength)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of bala

bala - strength, power, force, army