महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-17, verse-15

चक्रैर्विमथितैः केचित्केचिच्छिन्नैर्महाध्वजैः ।
प्रत्यदृश्यन्त समरे तावका निहताः परैः ॥१५॥

15. cakrairvimathitaiḥ kecitkecicchinnairmahādhvajaiḥ ,
pratyadṛśyanta samare tāvakā nihatāḥ paraiḥ.

15. cakraiḥ vimathitaiḥ kecit kecit chinnaiḥ mahādhvajaiḥ
pratyadṛśyanta samare tāvakāḥ nihatāḥ paraiḥ

15. samare tāvakāḥ paraiḥ nihatāḥ pratyadṛśyanta.
kecit cakraiḥ vimathitaiḥ (āsann),
kecit mahādhvajaiḥ chinnaiḥ (āsann)

15. In the battle, your men were seen killed by the enemies; some were crushed by chariot wheels, while others had their great banners cut down.

Words meanings summery:

• चक्रैः (cakraiḥ) - by chariot wheels (by wheels; by chariots)

• विमथितैः (vimathitaiḥ) - crushed; churned; disturbed

• केचित् (kecit) - some; some people

• केचित् (kecit) - some others; others

• छिन्नैः (chinnaiḥ) - cut; severed; broken

• महाध्वजैः (mahādhvajaiḥ) - with great banners; by great banners

• प्रत्यदृश्यन्त (pratyadṛśyanta) - they were seen; they appeared

• समरे (samare) - in battle; on the battlefield

• तावकाः (tāvakāḥ) - your men; those belonging to you; yours

• निहताः (nihatāḥ) - killed; struck down; destroyed

• परैः (paraiḥ) - by enemies; by others

Words meanings and morphology

चक्रैः (cakraiḥ) - by chariot wheels (by wheels; by chariots)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of cakra

cakra - wheel, disc, circle, army, kingdom, a potter's wheel

विमथितैः (vimathitaiḥ) - crushed; churned; disturbed

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of vimathita

vimathita - churned, crushed, agitated, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

From root 'math' (to churn, disturb) with prefix 'vi' and suffix 'kta'.

Prefix: vi

Root: math (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'kecit' (understood as instrumental in context).

केचित् (kecit) - some; some people

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kimcid

kimcid - someone, something, some

Note: Used here with an implied verb 'were' or 'were seen as'.

केचित् (kecit) - some others; others

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kimcid

kimcid - someone, something, some

Note: Used here to distinguish a second group from the first 'kecit'.

छिन्नैः (chinnaiḥ) - cut; severed; broken

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of chinna

chinna - cut, severed, broken, divided

Past Passive Participle

From root 'chid' (to cut, cleave) with suffix 'kta'.

Root: chid (class 7)

Note: Agrees with 'kecit' (understood as instrumental in context) or describes 'mahādhvajaiḥ'.

महाध्वजैः (mahādhvajaiḥ) - with great banners; by great banners

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of mahādhvaja

mahādhvaja - a great banner, a large standard

Compound type : tatpurusha (mahā+dhvaja)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• dhvaja – banner, standard, flag
  noun (masculine)

प्रत्यदृश्यन्त (pratyadṛśyanta) - they were seen; they appeared

(verb)

3rd person , plural, passive, imperfect past (laṅ) of dṛś

imperfect past tense, passive voice

Root 'dṛś' (class 1), prefixed with 'prati'. Impersonal passive formation of the imperfect tense.

Prefix: prati

Root: dṛś (class 1)

समरे (samare) - in battle; on the battlefield

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samara

samara - battle, war, combat

तावकाः (tāvakāḥ) - your men; those belonging to you; yours

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tāvaka

tāvaka - your, relating to you, yours; your people, your men

Derived from 'tava' (your) with suffix -ka.

निहताः (nihatāḥ) - killed; struck down; destroyed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nihata

nihata - struck down, killed, slain, destroyed, defeated

Past Passive Participle

From root 'han' (to strike, kill) with prefix 'ni' and suffix 'kta'.

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

परैः (paraiḥ) - by enemies; by others

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of para

para - other, another, enemy, foe; supreme, ultimate