महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-13, verse-42

ततः सज्जो महाराज द्रौणिराहवदुर्मदः ।
अर्जुनं योधयामास संशप्तकवृतो रणे ॥४२॥

42. tataḥ sajjo mahārāja drauṇirāhavadurmadaḥ ,
arjunaṁ yodhayāmāsa saṁśaptakavṛto raṇe.

42. tataḥ sajjaḥ mahārāja drauṇiḥ āhavadurmadaḥ
arjunaṃ yodhayāmāsa saṃśaptakavṛtaḥ raṇe

42. mahārāja tataḥ sajjaḥ āhavadurmadaḥ
saṃśaptakavṛtaḥ drauṇiḥ raṇe arjunaṃ yodhayāmāsa

42. Then, O great king, Droni, ready and intoxicated with battle, surrounded by the Saṃśaptakas, engaged Arjuna in combat on the battlefield.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, from there, afterwards

• सज्जः (sajjaḥ) - ready, prepared, armed

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

• द्रौणिः (drauṇiḥ) - Droni, son of Drona

• आहवदुर्मदः (āhavadurmadaḥ) - intoxicated with battle, battle-mad

• अर्जुनं (arjunaṁ) - Arjuna

• योधयामास (yodhayāmāsa) - made to fight, fought

• संशप्तकवृतः (saṁśaptakavṛtaḥ) - surrounded by the Samshaptakas

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, on the battlefield

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, from there, afterwards

(indeclinable)

सज्जः (sajjaḥ) - ready, prepared, armed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sajja

sajja - ready, prepared, armed

महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārājan

mahārājan - great king, emperor

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

द्रौणिः (drauṇiḥ) - Droni, son of Drona

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of drauṇi

drauṇi - Droni (Aśvatthāman), son of Drona

आहवदुर्मदः (āhavadurmadaḥ) - intoxicated with battle, battle-mad

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āhavadurmada

āhavadurmada - intoxicated with battle, battle-mad

Compound type : tatpurusha (āhava+durmada)

• āhava – battle, war, combat
  noun (masculine)
• durmada – intoxicated, arrogant, proud
  adjective (masculine)

अर्जुनं (arjunaṁ) - Arjuna

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (name of a Pandava prince)

योधयामास (yodhayāmāsa) - made to fight, fought

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of yudh

Causative Perfect Active

Causative stem yodhaya- + Perfect suffix -āmāsa (Periphrastic Perfect).

Root: yudh (class 4)

संशप्तकवृतः (saṁśaptakavṛtaḥ) - surrounded by the Samshaptakas

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃśaptakavṛta

saṁśaptakavṛta - surrounded by the Saṃśaptakas

Compound type : tatpurusha (saṃśaptaka+vṛta)

• saṃśaptaka – a group of warriors who have sworn to conquer or die
  noun (masculine)
• vṛta – surrounded, covered, chosen
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root vṛ- 'to cover, choose'.
  Root: vṛ (class 5)

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, on the battlefield

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, combat