महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-13, verse-4

तेऽर्जुनं रथवंशेन द्रोणपुत्रपुरोगमाः ।
अयोधयन्त समरे परिवार्य महारथाः ॥४॥

4. te'rjunaṁ rathavaṁśena droṇaputrapurogamāḥ ,
ayodhayanta samare parivārya mahārathāḥ.

4. te arjunam rathavaṃśena droṇaputra-purōgamāḥ
| ayodhayanta samare parivārya mahārathāḥ

4. droṇaputra-purōgamāḥ te mahārathāḥ rathavaṃśena
arjunam samare parivārya ayodhayanta

4. Those great charioteers, led by Droṇa's son (Drauṇi), surrounded Arjuna in battle with their chariot divisions and engaged him in combat.

Words meanings summery:

• ते (te) - Those great charioteers mentioned earlier (those, they)

• अर्जुनम् (arjunam) - The Pāṇḍava prince Arjuna (Arjuna)

• रथवंशेन (rathavaṁśena) - with their divisions of chariots (by a line of chariots, with chariots)

• द्रोणपुत्र-पुर्ओगमाः (droṇaputra-purōgamāḥ) - having Aśvatthāmā (Droṇa's son) as their leader (led by Droṇa's son)

• अयोधयन्त (ayodhayanta) - they engaged in combat (they fought)

• समरे (samare) - in battle, in war

• परिवार्य (parivārya) - after surrounding (Arjuna) (having surrounded)

• महारथाः (mahārathāḥ) - great charioteers

Words meanings and morphology

ते (te) - Those great charioteers mentioned earlier (those, they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Subject of ayodhayanta.

अर्जुनम् (arjunam) - The Pāṇḍava prince Arjuna (Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (name); white, silver

Note: Object of ayodhayanta.

रथवंशेन (rathavaṁśena) - with their divisions of chariots (by a line of chariots, with chariots)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of rathavaṃśa

rathavaṁśa - line/series/division of chariots

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ratha+vaṃśa)

• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
• vaṃśa – line, race, series, division
  noun (masculine)

Note: Implies 'using' or 'by means of' chariots.

द्रोणपुत्र-पुर्ओगमाः (droṇaputra-purōgamāḥ) - having Aśvatthāmā (Droṇa's son) as their leader (led by Droṇa's son)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of droṇaputra-purōgama

droṇaputra-purōgama - led by Droṇa's son, having Droṇa's son as foremost

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (droṇaputra+purōgama)

• droṇaputra – son of Droṇa (Aśvatthāmā)
  proper noun (masculine)
• purōgama – going before, leading, foremost
  adjective (masculine)
  From puras (before) + √gam (to go)
  Prefix: puras
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with mahārathāḥ.

अयोधयन्त (ayodhayanta) - they engaged in combat (they fought)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect (laṅ) of √yudh

imperfect causative

From √yudh (to fight), imperfect 3rd plural middle/active (causative stem yodhaya)

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Subject is te mahārathāḥ.

समरे (samare) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samara

samara - battle, war

Prefix: sam

Root: r̥ (class 1)

परिवार्य (parivārya) - after surrounding (Arjuna) (having surrounded)

(indeclinable)

gerund/absolutive

From √vṛ (to cover, encompass) with prefix pari, gerund/absolutive

Prefix: pari

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Absolutive.

महारथाः (mahārathāḥ) - great charioteers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mahāratha

mahāratha - great charioteer, great warrior

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• ratha – chariot; warrior in a chariot
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of ayodhayanta, coreferring with te.