महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-13, verse-41

तस्मिंस्तु निहते वीरे द्रोणपुत्रः प्रतापवान् ।
आरुरोह रथं तूर्णं तमेव रथिनां वरः ॥४१॥

41. tasmiṁstu nihate vīre droṇaputraḥ pratāpavān ,
āruroha rathaṁ tūrṇaṁ tameva rathināṁ varaḥ.

41. tasmin tu nihate vīre droṇaputraḥ pratāpavān
āruroha rathaṃ tūrṇaṃ tam eva rathināṃ varaḥ

41. droṇaputraḥ pratāpavān rathināṃ varaḥ tu tasmin
vīre nihate tam eva rathaṃ tūrṇaṃ āruroha

41. But when that hero was slain, Drona's powerful son, the best among charioteers, quickly mounted that very chariot.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that, to him/her/it

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• निहते (nihate) - when slain, when killed, fallen

• वीरे (vīre) - in the hero, about the hero

• द्रोणपुत्रः (droṇaputraḥ) - Drona's son

• प्रतापवान् (pratāpavān) - mighty, powerful, glorious

• आरुरोह (āruroha) - ascended, mounted

• रथं (rathaṁ) - chariot

• तूर्णं (tūrṇaṁ) - quickly, swiftly

• तम् (tam) - that, him

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, very

• रथिनां (rathināṁ) - of charioteers

• वरः (varaḥ) - best, excellent, choicest

Words meanings and morphology

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that, to him/her/it

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

निहते (nihate) - when slain, when killed, fallen

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of nihata

nihata - slain, killed, fallen

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root han- 'to strike, kill' with prefix ni-.

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

वीरे (vīre) - in the hero, about the hero

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of vīra

vīra - hero, brave man

द्रोणपुत्रः (droṇaputraḥ) - Drona's son

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of droṇaputra

droṇaputra - son of Droṇa

Compound type : tatpurusha (droṇa+putra)

• droṇa – Drona (name of a preceptor)
  proper noun (masculine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

प्रतापवान् (pratāpavān) - mighty, powerful, glorious

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pratāpavat

pratāpavat - mighty, powerful, glorious

आरुरोह (āruroha) - ascended, mounted

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of ruh

Perfect Active

Reduplicated perfect form of root ruh with prefix ā.

Prefix: ā

Root: ruh (class 1)

रथं (rathaṁ) - chariot

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot

तूर्णं (tūrṇaṁ) - quickly, swiftly

(indeclinable)

Note: Used adverbially

तम् (tam) - that, him

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, very

(indeclinable)

रथिनां (rathināṁ) - of charioteers

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of rathin

rathin - charioteer, warrior fighting from a chariot

वरः (varaḥ) - best, excellent, choicest

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vara

vara - best, excellent, choicest; boon, wish