महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-13, verse-1

संजय उवाच ।
अर्जुनो द्रौणिना विद्धो युद्धे बहुभिरायसैः ।
तस्य चानुचरैः शूरैस्त्रिगर्तानां महारथैः ।
द्रौणिं विव्याध समरे त्रिभिरेव शिलीमुखैः ॥१॥

1. saṁjaya uvāca ,
arjuno drauṇinā viddho yuddhe bahubhirāyasaiḥ ,
tasya cānucaraiḥ śūraistrigartānāṁ mahārathaiḥ ,
drauṇiṁ vivyādha samare tribhireva śilīmukhaiḥ.

1. sanjayaḥ uvāca | arjunaḥ drauṇinā viddhaḥ
yuddhe bahubhiḥ āyasaiḥ | tasya ca anucaraiḥ
śūraiḥ trigartānām mahārathaiḥ |
drauṇim vivyādha samare tribhiḥ eva śilīmukhaiḥ

1. sanjayaḥ uvāca yuddhe drauṇinā bahubhiḥ
āyasaiḥ tasya ca trigartānām śūraiḥ
mahārathaiḥ anucaraiḥ viddhaḥ arjunaḥ samare
tribhiḥ eva śilīmukhaiḥ drauṇim vivyādha

1. Sanjaya said: Arjuna, though struck in battle by Droṇi with many iron arrows, and also by his brave followers, the great charioteers of the Trigartas, wounded Droṇi in that battle with just three arrows.

Words meanings summery:

• सन्जयः (sanjayaḥ) - The narrator Sanjaya (Sanjaya)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - The Pāṇḍava prince Arjuna (Arjuna)

• द्रौणिना (drauṇinā) - by Aśvatthāmā, the son of Droṇa, also known as Droṇi (by Droṇi's son, by Droṇi)

• विद्धः (viddhaḥ) - wounded by arrows (pierced, struck, wounded)

• युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle, in war

• बहुभिः (bahubhiḥ) - by many

• आयसैः (āyasaiḥ) - by arrows made of iron (by iron (arrows))

• तस्य (tasya) - Droṇi's (his, its)

• च (ca) - and, also

• अनुचरैः (anucaraiḥ) - by Droṇi's followers (by followers, by attendants)

• शूरैः (śūraiḥ) - by brave followers (by brave (ones), by heroes)

• त्रिगर्तानाम् (trigartānām) - of the warriors belonging to the Trigarta kingdom (of the Trigartas)

• महारथैः (mahārathaiḥ) - by the great charioteers who were followers of Droṇi and belonged to the Trigartas (by great charioteers)

• द्रौणिम् (drauṇim) - Aśvatthāmā, son of Droṇa (Droṇi)

• विव्याध (vivyādha) - wounded (with arrows) (pierced, wounded, struck)

• समरे (samare) - in that very battle (in battle, in war)

• त्रिभिः (tribhiḥ) - by three

• एव (eva) - with just three (arrows) (just, only, indeed)

• शिलीमुखैः (śilīmukhaiḥ) - by sharp-pointed arrows (by arrows)

Words meanings and morphology

सन्जयः (sanjayaḥ) - The narrator Sanjaya (Sanjaya)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sañjaya

sañjaya - Sanjaya (name)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of √vac

perfect active

From √vac, perfect 3rd singular active

Root: vac (class 2)

अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - The Pāṇḍava prince Arjuna (Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (name); white, silver

द्रौणिना (drauṇinā) - by Aśvatthāmā, the son of Droṇa, also known as Droṇi (by Droṇi's son, by Droṇi)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of drauṇi

drauṇi - son of Droṇa (Aśvatthāmā)

विद्धः (viddhaḥ) - wounded by arrows (pierced, struck, wounded)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viddha

viddha - pierced, struck, wounded

past passive participle

From √vyadh (to pierce, strike), past passive participle

Root: vyadh (class 4)

Note: Participle functioning as an adjective for Arjuna.

युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, war, fight

बहुभिः (bahubhiḥ) - by many

(adjective)

Instrumental, plural of bahu

bahu - many, much, numerous

Note: Plural form of the adjective bahu.

आयसैः (āyasaiḥ) - by arrows made of iron (by iron (arrows))

(adjective)

Instrumental, plural of āyasa

āyasa - made of iron, iron-made

Note: Refers to arrows (śaraiḥ).

तस्य (tasya) - Droṇi's (his, its)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Droṇi.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अनुचरैः (anucaraiḥ) - by Droṇi's followers (by followers, by attendants)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of anucara

anucara - follower, attendant

Prefix: anu

Root: car (class 1)

शूरैः (śūraiḥ) - by brave followers (by brave (ones), by heroes)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śūra

śūra - brave, heroic; hero, warrior

Note: Adjective for anucaraiḥ and mahārathaiḥ.

त्रिगर्तानाम् (trigartānām) - of the warriors belonging to the Trigarta kingdom (of the Trigartas)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of trigarta

trigarta - the country of Trigarta, its people

Note: Genitive plural, referring to the people of Trigarta.

महारथैः (mahārathaiḥ) - by the great charioteers who were followers of Droṇi and belonged to the Trigartas (by great charioteers)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of mahāratha

mahāratha - great charioteer, great warrior

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• ratha – chariot; warrior in a chariot
  noun (masculine)

Note: Co-refers to anucaraiḥ.

द्रौणिम् (drauṇim) - Aśvatthāmā, son of Droṇa (Droṇi)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of drauṇi

drauṇi - son of Droṇa (Aśvatthāmā)

Note: Object of vivyādha.

विव्याध (vivyādha) - wounded (with arrows) (pierced, wounded, struck)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of √vyadh

perfect active

From √vyadh (to pierce), perfect 3rd singular active

Root: vyadh (class 4)

Note: Subject is arjunaḥ.

समरे (samare) - in that very battle (in battle, in war)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samara

samara - battle, war

Prefix: sam

Root: r̥ (class 1)

त्रिभिः (tribhiḥ) - by three

(adjective)

Instrumental, plural of tri

tri - three

Note: Refers to śilīmukhaiḥ.

एव (eva) - with just three (arrows) (just, only, indeed)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle

Note: Emphasizes the number 'three'.

शिलीमुखैः (śilīmukhaiḥ) - by sharp-pointed arrows (by arrows)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śilīmukha

śilīmukha - arrow (literally 'stone-point'); bee

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śilī+mukha)

• śilī – stone, rock
  noun (feminine)
• mukha – face, mouth, tip, point
  noun (neuter)