महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-67, verse-1

संजय उवाच ।
अथाब्रवीद्वासुदेवो रथस्थो राधेय दिष्ट्या स्मरसीह धर्मम् ।
प्रायेण नीचा व्यसनेषु मग्ना निन्दन्ति दैवं कुकृतं न तत्तत् ॥१॥

1. saṁjaya uvāca ,
athābravīdvāsudevo rathastho; rādheya diṣṭyā smarasīha dharmam ,
prāyeṇa nīcā vyasaneṣu magnā; nindanti daivaṁ kukṛtaṁ na tattat.

1. saṃjayaḥ uvāca atha abravīt vāsudevaḥ
ratha-sthaḥ rādheya diṣṭyā smarasi
iha dharmam prāyeṇa nīcāḥ vyasaneṣu
magnāḥ nindanti daivam ku-kṛtam na tat-tat

1. saṃjayaḥ uvāca: atha vāsudevaḥ ratha-sthaḥ abravīt.
rādheya,
diṣṭyā iha dharmam smarasi.
prāyeṇa nīcāḥ vyasaneṣu magnāḥ daivam nindanti,
tat-tat kukṛtam na [nindanti].

1. Saṃjaya said: Then Vāsudeva, while in the chariot, spoke: 'O son of Rādhā, it is fortunate that you remember righteous conduct (dharma) here. Usually, ignoble people, when submerged in calamities, blame fate and not their own misdeeds.'

Words meanings summery:

• संजयः (saṁjayaḥ) - Sanjaya

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• अथ (atha) - then, thereupon, now

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

• वासुदेवः (vāsudevaḥ) - Vāsudeva (Kṛṣṇa)

• रथ-स्थः (ratha-sthaḥ) - standing in a chariot, charioteer

• राधेय (rādheya) - Referring to Karṇa, who was raised by Rādhā. (O son of Rādhā)

• दिष्ट्या (diṣṭyā) - fortunately, by luck

• स्मरसि (smarasi) - you remember

• इह (iha) - here, in this world, in this matter

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - righteous conduct, duty, natural law

• प्रायेण (prāyeṇa) - usually, generally, mostly

• नीचाः (nīcāḥ) - low, ignoble, wicked, base-minded

• व्यसनेषु (vyasaneṣu) - in calamities, in misfortunes

• मग्नाः (magnāḥ) - immersed, submerged, sunk

• निन्दन्ति (nindanti) - they blame, they reproach

• दैवम् (daivam) - fate, destiny, divine will

• कु-कृतम् (ku-kṛtam) - misdeed, evil deed

• न (na) - not, no

• तत्-तत् (tat-tat) - Emphasizing their own specific misdeed, not just misdeeds in general. (that (particular) one, various, respective)

Words meanings and morphology

संजयः (saṁjayaḥ) - Sanjaya

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Sanjaya (name of Dhṛtarāṣṭra's charioteer and minister)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of uvāca

Perfect tense (lit) form of root vac

Root: vac (class 2)

अथ (atha) - then, thereupon, now

(indeclinable)

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect tense (laṅ) form of root brū

Root: brū (class 2)

वासुदेवः (vāsudevaḥ) - Vāsudeva (Kṛṣṇa)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vāsudeva

vāsudeva - son of Vasudeva, an epithet of Kṛṣṇa

रथ-स्थः (ratha-sthaḥ) - standing in a chariot, charioteer

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ratha-stha

ratha-stha - standing in a chariot

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ratha+stha)

• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
• stha – standing, staying, situated
  adjective
  Derived from root sthā (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Qualifies Vāsudeva.

राधेय (rādheya) - Referring to Karṇa, who was raised by Rādhā. (O son of Rādhā)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rādheya

rādheya - son of Rādhā, an epithet for Karṇa

दिष्ट्या (diṣṭyā) - fortunately, by luck

(indeclinable)

Instrumental case of diṣṭi (luck) used adverbially

स्मरसि (smarasi) - you remember

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of smṛ

Present tense (laṭ) form of root smṛ

Root: smṛ (class 1)

इह (iha) - here, in this world, in this matter

(indeclinable)

धर्मम् (dharmam) - righteous conduct, duty, natural law

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, righteous conduct, duty, intrinsic nature

प्रायेण (prāyeṇa) - usually, generally, mostly

(indeclinable)

Instrumental case of prāya used adverbially

नीचाः (nīcāḥ) - low, ignoble, wicked, base-minded

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nīca

nīca - low, mean, ignoble, base

व्यसनेषु (vyasaneṣu) - in calamities, in misfortunes

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of vyasana

vyasana - calamity, misfortune, vice, addiction

मग्नाः (magnāḥ) - immersed, submerged, sunk

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of magna

magna - immersed, submerged, sunk

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root majj (to sink)

Root: majj (class 6)

Note: Qualifies nīcāḥ.

निन्दन्ति (nindanti) - they blame, they reproach

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of nid

Present tense (laṭ) form of root nid

Root: nid (class 1)

दैवम् (daivam) - fate, destiny, divine will

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of daiva

daiva - fate, destiny, what comes from the gods

कु-कृतम् (ku-kṛtam) - misdeed, evil deed

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ku-kṛta

ku-kṛta - ill-done, evil deed, wrong action

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ku+kṛta)

• ku – bad, evil, wicked (prefix)
  indeclinable
• kṛta – done, made, deed, action
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle (substantivized)
  Derived from root kṛ (to do)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

तत्-तत् (tat-tat) - Emphasizing their own specific misdeed, not just misdeeds in general. (that (particular) one, various, respective)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tat

tat - that, those

Reduplication for emphasis or distributiveness.

Note: Reduplicated form 'tat-tat' to mean 'that very one' or 'their respective one' (referring to `kukṛtam`).