महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-47, verse-31

तदाचार्यवचः श्रुत्वा कर्णो वैकर्तनस्त्वरन् ।
अस्यतो लघुहस्तस्य पृषत्कैर्धनुराच्छिनत् ॥३१॥

31. tadācāryavacaḥ śrutvā karṇo vaikartanastvaran ,
asyato laghuhastasya pṛṣatkairdhanurācchinat.

31. tat ācārya-vacaḥ śrutvā karṇaḥ vaikartanaḥ tvaran
asyataḥ laghu-hastasya pṛṣatkaiḥ dhanuḥ ācchinat

31. tat ācārya-vacaḥ śrutvā vaikartanaḥ karṇaḥ tvaran
asyataḥ laghu-hastasya [tasya] dhanuḥ pṛṣatkaiḥ ācchinat

31. Having heard those words from the preceptor, Karna, the son of Vikartana, swiftly cut off the bow of the quick-handed archer with his arrows.

Words meanings summery:

• तत् (tat) - those (referring to the previously mentioned words) (that, those)

• आचार्य-वचः (ācārya-vacaḥ) - the preceptor's command/words (teacher's word(s))

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karna

• वैकर्तनः (vaikartanaḥ) - Karna, the son of the Sun-god (son of Vikartana (Surya))

• त्वरन् (tvaran) - acting swiftly (hurrying, speeding)

• अस्यतः (asyataḥ) - of the archer (Abhimanyu) (of one who is shooting/throwing)

• लघु-हस्तस्य (laghu-hastasya) - of the archer with swift hands (skilled in archery) (of the quick-handed, of the skillful)

• पृषत्कैः (pṛṣatkaiḥ) - with arrows

• धनुः (dhanuḥ) - bow

• आच्छिनत् (ācchinat) - cut off, severed

Words meanings and morphology

तत् (tat) - those (referring to the previously mentioned words) (that, those)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, those, him, her, it

Used here as a pronominal adjective modifying `ācārya-vacaḥ`.

Note: It forms `tad-ācārya-vacaḥ` with sandhi.

आचार्य-वचः (ācārya-vacaḥ) - the preceptor's command/words (teacher's word(s))

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ācārya-vacas

ācārya-vacas - word/speech of the teacher/preceptor

tatpuruṣa compound

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (ācārya+vacas)

• ācārya – teacher, preceptor, master
  noun (masculine)
  From root `car` with `ā` + `ṇya` suffix.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: car (class 1)
• vacas – word, speech, utterance
  noun (neuter)
  From root `vac` (to speak)
  Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of `śrutvā`.

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Formed with suffix -tvā

Root: śru (class 5)

कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karna

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karna (proper noun), ear

Note: Subject of the sentence.

वैकर्तनः (vaikartanaḥ) - Karna, the son of the Sun-god (son of Vikartana (Surya))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaikartana

vaikartana - descendant of Vikartana, related to Vikartana; the Sun-god. (An epithet for Karna)

vṛddhi derivative from Vikartana, meaning 'son of Vikartana'. Vikartana is a name for Surya (the Sun-god), Karna's father.

Root: kṛt

Note: In apposition to Karna.

त्वरन् (tvaran) - acting swiftly (hurrying, speeding)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tvar

tvar - to hurry, be quick

present active participle

Derived from root `tvar` with śatṛ suffix.

Root: tvar (class 1)

अस्यतः (asyataḥ) - of the archer (Abhimanyu) (of one who is shooting/throwing)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of asya

asya - one who throws/shoots (present participle of `as`)

present active participle

From root `as` (to throw/shoot) with śatṛ suffix. Genitive singular.

Root: as (class 4)

लघु-हस्तस्य (laghu-hastasya) - of the archer with swift hands (skilled in archery) (of the quick-handed, of the skillful)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of laghu-hasta

laghu-hasta - quick-handed, nimble-handed, skillful

bahuvrīhi compound, meaning 'one whose hand is quick'.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (laghu+hasta)

• laghu – quick, light, swift
  adjective
• hasta – hand
  noun (masculine)
  Root: has (class 1)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject of `asyataḥ`.

पृषत्कैः (pṛṣatkaiḥ) - with arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of pṛṣatka

pṛṣatka - an arrow, a dart

Root: pṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Means by means of arrows.

धनुः (dhanuḥ) - bow

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dhanus

dhanus - bow, arc

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Object of `ācchinat`.

आच्छिनत् (ācchinat) - cut off, severed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect past (laṅ) of chid

imperfect active

Third person singular, active voice, imperfect tense, with prefix `ā`.

Prefix: ā

Root: chid (class 7)