महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-47, verse-27

उपदिष्टा मया अस्य पितुः कवचधारणा ।
तामेष निखिलां वेत्ति ध्रुवं परपुरंजयः ॥२७॥

27. upadiṣṭā mayā asya pituḥ kavacadhāraṇā ,
tāmeṣa nikhilāṁ vetti dhruvaṁ parapuraṁjayaḥ.

27. upadiṣṭā mayā asya pituḥ kavacadhāraṇā tām
eṣa nikhilām vetti dhruvam parapurañjayaḥ

27. mayā asya pituḥ kavacadhāraṇā upadiṣṭā eṣa
parapurañjayaḥ tām nikhilām dhruvam vetti

27. I instructed his father on the wearing of this armor (kavaca). He, the conqueror of enemy cities, surely knows all its details completely.

Words meanings summery:

• उपदिष्टा (upadiṣṭā) - (the wearing of armor) was instructed (instructed, taught, advised)

• मया (mayā) - by me

• अस्य (asya) - of Arjuna (his, of him)

• पितुः (pituḥ) - of Arjuna's father, Indra (of the father)

• कवचधारणा (kavacadhāraṇā) - wearing of armor, holding of armor

• ताम् (tām) - that (instruction regarding armor) (her, that, it)

• एष (eṣa) - Arjuna (he, this one)

• निखिलाम् (nikhilām) - whole, entire, complete

• वेत्ति (vetti) - knows, understands

• ध्रुवम् (dhruvam) - surely, certainly, indeed

• परपुरञ्जयः (parapurañjayaḥ) - epithet for Arjuna (conqueror of enemy cities)

Words meanings and morphology

उपदिष्टा (upadiṣṭā) - (the wearing of armor) was instructed (instructed, taught, advised)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of upadiṣṭa

upadiṣṭa - instructed, taught, advised

past passive participle

From `upa` + `diś` + `kta` (past passive participle suffix).

Prefix: upa

Root: diś (class 6)

मया (mayā) - by me

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of aham

aham - I

First person pronoun.

अस्य (asya) - of Arjuna (his, of him)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to Arjuna.

पितुः (pituḥ) - of Arjuna's father, Indra (of the father)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father

Note: Refers to Indra, Arjuna's divine father.

कवचधारणा (kavacadhāraṇā) - wearing of armor, holding of armor

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kavacadhāraṇā

kavacadhāraṇā - wearing of armor, holding of armor

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (kavaca+dhāraṇā)

• kavaca – armor, breastplate
  noun (neuter)
• dhāraṇā – bearing, holding, wearing, retention
  noun (feminine)
  From root `dhṛ` + `ana` (feminine suffix).
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Subject of the passive verb `upadiṣṭā`.

ताम् (tām) - that (instruction regarding armor) (her, that, it)

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Object of `vetti`.

एष (eṣa) - Arjuna (he, this one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun, indicates proximity.

Note: Subject of `vetti`.

निखिलाम् (nikhilām) - whole, entire, complete

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of nikhila

nikhila - whole, entire, complete

From `ni` + `khila` (empty space).

वेत्ति (vetti) - knows, understands

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of vid

Irregular verb, belongs to `adādi` (2nd) class.

Root: vid (class 2)

ध्रुवम् (dhruvam) - surely, certainly, indeed

(indeclinable)

Adverbial usage.

परपुरञ्जयः (parapurañjayaḥ) - epithet for Arjuna (conqueror of enemy cities)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parapurañjaya

parapurañjaya - conqueror of enemy cities, victorious over hostile towns

Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (para+pura+√ji)

• para – other, hostile, enemy
  adjective
• pura – city, town, stronghold
  noun (neuter)
• jaya – victory, conquest; conqueror
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun
  From root `ji` + `ac` suffix.
  Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Refers to Arjuna.