महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-47, verse-13

तस्यार्जुनिर्ध्वजं छित्त्वा शल्यं त्रिभिरताडयत् ।
तं शल्यो नवभिर्बाणैर्गार्ध्रपत्रैरताडयत् ॥१३॥

13. tasyārjunirdhvajaṁ chittvā śalyaṁ tribhiratāḍayat ,
taṁ śalyo navabhirbāṇairgārdhrapatrairatāḍayat.

13. tasya arjuniḥ dhvajam chittvā śalyam tribhiḥ atāḍayat
| tam śalyaḥ navabhiḥ bāṇaiḥ gārdhra-patraiḥ atāḍayat

13. arjuniḥ tasya dhvajam chittvā tribhiḥ śalyam atāḍayat
śalyaḥ tam navabhiḥ gārdhra-patraiḥ bāṇaiḥ atāḍayat

13. Arjuna's son (Arjuni), having cut down Droṇa's son's banner, then struck Śalya with three [arrows]. Śalya, in turn, struck him with nine vulture-feathered arrows.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्य (tasya) - his (Drauṇi's) (his, of that)

• अर्जुनिः (arjuniḥ) - Arjuna's son (Abhimanyu) (son of Arjuna, Abhimanyu)

• ध्वजम् (dhvajam) - banner (banner, flag)

• छित्त्वा (chittvā) - having cut down (having cut, having severed)

• शल्यम् (śalyam) - Śalya (Śalya (a proper name))

• त्रिभिः (tribhiḥ) - with three (arrows) (by three, with three)

• अताडयत् (atāḍayat) - he struck (he struck, he beat)

• तम् (tam) - him (Arjuni) (him, that)

• शल्यः (śalyaḥ) - Śalya (Śalya (a proper name))

• नवभिः (navabhiḥ) - with nine (by nine, with nine)

• बाणैः (bāṇaiḥ) - with arrows

• गार्ध्र-पत्रैः (gārdhra-patraiḥ) - with vulture-feathered (arrows)

• अताडयत् (atāḍayat) - he struck (he struck, he beat)

Words meanings and morphology

तस्य (tasya) - his (Drauṇi's) (his, of that)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, his, her, its

genitive singular masculine form

Note: Possessive, refers to the banner.

अर्जुनिः (arjuniḥ) - Arjuna's son (Abhimanyu) (son of Arjuna, Abhimanyu)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arjuni

arjuni - son of Arjuna (Abhimanyu)

patronymic (iṇ suffix) from Arjuna

Note: Subject of the first atāḍayat.

ध्वजम् (dhvajam) - banner (banner, flag)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dhvaja

dhvaja - banner, flag, standard

From root √dhvaj (to wave, move quickly)

Root: dhvaj (class 1)

Note: Object of chittvā.

छित्त्वा (chittvā) - having cut down (having cut, having severed)

(indeclinable)

absolutive

From root √chid (to cut) + -tvā suffix

Root: chid (class 7)

शल्यम् (śalyam) - Śalya (Śalya (a proper name))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śalya

śalya - Śalya (name of a king/warrior), dart, spear

त्रिभिः (tribhiḥ) - with three (arrows) (by three, with three)

(numeral)

अताडयत् (atāḍayat) - he struck (he struck, he beat)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of taḍ

Imperfect Active

From root √taḍ (to strike) + augment 'a' + imperfect ending (3rd person singular)

Root: taḍ (class 10)

तम् (tam) - him (Arjuni) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, him, her, it

accusative singular masculine form

Note: Object of the second atāḍayat.

शल्यः (śalyaḥ) - Śalya (Śalya (a proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śalya

śalya - Śalya (name of a king/warrior), dart, spear

नवभिः (navabhiḥ) - with nine (by nine, with nine)

(numeral)

बाणैः (bāṇaiḥ) - with arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bāṇa

bāṇa - arrow, reed

गार्ध्र-पत्रैः (gārdhra-patraiḥ) - with vulture-feathered (arrows)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of gārdhra-patra

gārdhra-patra - vulture-feathered, an arrow feathered with vulture feathers

Compound: gārdhra (of a vulture) + patra (feather/wing)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (gārdhra+patra)

• gārdhra – vulturine, of a vulture
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from gṛdhra (vulture)
• patra – feather, wing, leaf
  noun (neuter)

अताडयत् (atāḍayat) - he struck (he struck, he beat)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of taḍ

Imperfect Active

From root √taḍ (to strike) + augment 'a' + imperfect ending (3rd person singular)

Root: taḍ (class 10)