महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-47, verse-24

अथ कर्णः पुनर्द्रोणमाहार्जुनिशरार्दितः ।
स्थातव्यमिति तिष्ठामि पीड्यमानोऽभिमन्युना ॥२४॥

24. atha karṇaḥ punardroṇamāhārjuniśarārditaḥ ,
sthātavyamiti tiṣṭhāmi pīḍyamāno'bhimanyunā.

24. atha karṇaḥ punaḥ droṇam āha arjuniśarārditaḥ
sthātavyam iti tiṣṭhāmi pīḍyamānaḥ abhimanyunā

24. atha arjuniśarārditaḥ karṇaḥ punaḥ droṇam āha: abhimanyunā
pīḍyamānaḥ (api) sthātavyam iti (aham) tiṣṭhāmi

24. Then Karṇa, afflicted by the arrows of Arjuna's son (Abhimanyu), said to Droṇa again: 'I am being tormented by Abhimanyu, yet I stand because it is my obligation to stand.'

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - now, then, thereupon

• कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karṇa (proper name)

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, anew, furthermore

• द्रोणम् (droṇam) - to Droṇa

• आह (āha) - he said, he spoke

• अर्जुनिशरार्दितः (arjuniśarārditaḥ) - tormented by Abhimanyu's arrows (tormented by the arrows of Arjuna's son)

• स्थातव्यम् (sthātavyam) - it must be stood, one must stand, it is proper to stand

• इति (iti) - thus, so (quotation marker)

• तिष्ठामि (tiṣṭhāmi) - I stand, I remain

• पीड्यमानः (pīḍyamānaḥ) - being tormented, being oppressed, being afflicted

• अभिमन्युना (abhimanyunā) - by Abhimanyu

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - now, then, thereupon

(indeclinable)

कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karṇa (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karṇa (name of a warrior), ear

Note: Subject of 'āha'.

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, anew, furthermore

(indeclinable)

Note: 'punar' is the base form, 'punaḥ' is its visarga-ending form.

द्रोणम् (droṇam) - to Droṇa

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Droṇa (name of a preceptor), a measure

Note: Object of 'āha'.

आह (āha) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of brū

Perfect Indicative

Irregular perfect form from root 'brū' (2nd class).

Root: brū (class 2)

अर्जुनिशरार्दितः (arjuniśarārditaḥ) - tormented by Abhimanyu's arrows (tormented by the arrows of Arjuna's son)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arjuniśarārdita

arjuniśarārdita - afflicted by Abhimanyu's arrows

'arjuni' (son of Arjuna, Abhimanyu) + 'śara' (arrow) + 'ārdita' (tormented, afflicted).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (arjuniśara+ārdita)

• arjuniśara – arrow of Arjuna's son (Abhimanyu)
  noun (masculine)
  'arjuni' (patronymic from Arjuna for Abhimanyu) + 'śara' (arrow).
• ārdita – tormented, afflicted, distressed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'ard' (1st/10th class) with 'ā-' prefix and 'kta' (past passive participle) suffix.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: ard (class 1)

Note: Adjectival phrase describing Karṇa's state.

स्थातव्यम् (sthātavyam) - it must be stood, one must stand, it is proper to stand

(verbal adjective)

Note: Represents the speaker's (Karṇa's) sense of duty.

इति (iti) - thus, so (quotation marker)

(indeclinable)

तिष्ठामि (tiṣṭhāmi) - I stand, I remain

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of sthā

Present Indicative

From root 'sthā' (1st class, Parasmaipada).

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Speaker is Karṇa.

पीड्यमानः (pīḍyamānaḥ) - being tormented, being oppressed, being afflicted

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pīḍyamāna

pīḍyamāna - being tormented, being harassed

Present Passive Participle

From root 'pīḍ' (10th class) with 'yamāna' suffix (present passive participle, Ātmanepada equivalent).

Root: pīḍ (class 10)

Note: Describes Karṇa's state while standing.

अभिमन्युना (abhimanyunā) - by Abhimanyu

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of abhimanyu

abhimanyu - Abhimanyu (proper name)

Note: Agent of the torment.