महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-153, verse-39

ध्रुवं स तेन हन्तव्य इत्यमन्यत पार्थिवः ।
जीवितं चिरकालाय भ्रातॄणां चाप्यमन्यत ॥३९॥

39. dhruvaṁ sa tena hantavya ityamanyata pārthivaḥ ,
jīvitaṁ cirakālāya bhrātṝṇāṁ cāpyamanyata.

39. dhruvam sa tena hantavyaḥ iti amanyata pārthivaḥ
jīvitam cirakālāya bhrātṝṇām ca api amanyata

39. pārthivaḥ amanyata dhruvam sa tena hantavyaḥ
iti ca api bhrātṝṇām jīvitam cirakālāya amanyata

39. The king (Duryodhana) had firmly believed, 'Surely he (Bhīmasena) was to be killed by him (Malayudha),' and he also considered his brothers' lives to be long-lasting.

Words meanings summery:

• ध्रुवम् (dhruvam) - surely, certainly, indeed, firmly

• स (sa) - he (Bhīmasena) (he, that (masculine nominative singular))

• तेन (tena) - by him (Malayudha) (by him, by that)

• हन्तव्यः (hantavyaḥ) - to be killed, should be killed, ought to be killed

• इति (iti) - thus, so, in this way (marks a quotation or thought)

• अमन्यत (amanyata) - he thought, he considered, he believed

• पार्थिवः (pārthivaḥ) - King Duryodhana (the king, ruler, prince)

• जीवितम् (jīvitam) - life, existence

• चिरकालाय (cirakālāya) - for a long time, for a long duration

• भ्रातॄणाम् (bhrātṝṇām) - of his (Duryodhana's) brothers (of brothers)

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• अपि (api) - also, even, too

• अमन्यत (amanyata) - he thought, he considered, he believed

Words meanings and morphology

ध्रुवम् (dhruvam) - surely, certainly, indeed, firmly

(indeclinable)

स (sa) - he (Bhīmasena) (he, that (masculine nominative singular))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तेन (tena) - by him (Malayudha) (by him, by that)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

हन्तव्यः (hantavyaḥ) - to be killed, should be killed, ought to be killed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hantavya

hantavya - to be killed, killable, deserving to be killed

Gerundive (Future Passive Participle)

Derived from the root han (to kill) with the suffix -tavya.

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Serves as a predicate for 'sa'.

इति (iti) - thus, so, in this way (marks a quotation or thought)

(indeclinable)

अमन्यत (amanyata) - he thought, he considered, he believed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of man

imperfect tense (laṅ)

Third person singular middle voice imperfect tense form of the root man.

Root: man (class 4)

पार्थिवः (pārthivaḥ) - King Duryodhana (the king, ruler, prince)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pārthiva

pārthiva - king, ruler, prince, belonging to the earth

Derived from 'pṛthivī' (earth).

जीवितम् (jīvitam) - life, existence

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of jīvita

jīvita - life, existence, livelihood, living

Past Passive Participle (substantivized)

Derived from the root jīv (to live) with the suffix -ta, used as a noun.

Root: jīv (class 1)

चिरकालाय (cirakālāya) - for a long time, for a long duration

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of cirakāla

cirakāla - long time, long duration

Compound type : karmadhāraya (cira+kāla)

• cira – long (of time), lasting, old
  adjective (masculine)
• kāla – time, duration, season
  noun (masculine)

Note: Used adverbially to denote purpose or duration.

भ्रातॄणाम् (bhrātṝṇām) - of his (Duryodhana's) brothers (of brothers)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother, kinsman

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also, even, too

(indeclinable)

अमन्यत (amanyata) - he thought, he considered, he believed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of man

imperfect tense (laṅ)

Third person singular middle voice imperfect tense form of the root man. Repetition from earlier in the verse indicates a separate thought or consideration.

Root: man (class 4)