महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-153, verse-37

अथ दुर्योधनो राजा दृष्ट्वा हतमलायुधम् ।
बभूव परमोद्विग्नः सह सैन्येन भारत ॥३७॥

37. atha duryodhano rājā dṛṣṭvā hatamalāyudham ,
babhūva paramodvignaḥ saha sainyena bhārata.

37. atha duryodhanaḥ rājā dṛṣṭvā hatamalāyudham
babhūva paramodvignaḥ saha sainyena bhārata

37. atha bhārata rājā duryodhanaḥ hatamalāyudham
dṛṣṭvā sainyena saha paramodvignaḥ babhūva

37. O Bhārata, then King Duryodhana, having seen Malayudha slain, became extremely agitated along with his army.

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon, afterwards

• दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana

• राजा (rājā) - king

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, seeing, after seeing

• हतमलायुधम् (hatamalāyudham) - Malayudha, the warrior who was killed in battle. (slain Malayudha, Malayudha who was killed)

• बभूव (babhūva) - he became, he was

• परमोद्विग्नः (paramodvignaḥ) - extremely agitated, greatly disturbed

• सह (saha) - with, together with, accompanied by

• सैन्येन (sainyena) - by the army, with the army

• भारत (bhārata) - A vocative address, likely to Dhṛtarāṣṭra or Sañjaya in the Mahābhārata context. (O Bhārata (descendant of Bharata))

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon, afterwards

(indeclinable)

दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (name of the eldest Kaurava prince)

From 'dur' (bad, difficult) and 'yodhana' (fighter, warrior).

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, sovereign, ruler

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, seeing, after seeing

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Derived from the root dṛś with the suffix -tvā.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

हतमलायुधम् (hatamalāyudham) - Malayudha, the warrior who was killed in battle. (slain Malayudha, Malayudha who was killed)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of hatamalāyudha

hatamalāyudha - Malayudha who is killed

Compound type : karmadhāraya (hata+malāyudha)

• hata – slain, killed, struck
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from the root han (to strike, kill) with the suffix -ta.
  Root: han (class 2)
• malāyudha – Malayudha (a proper name of a warrior)
  proper noun (masculine)

Note: Modifies an implied object, referring to Malayudha.

बभूव (babhūva) - he became, he was

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of bhū

perfect tense (liṭ)

Third person singular active voice perfect tense form of the root bhū.

Root: bhū (class 1)

परमोद्विग्नः (paramodvignaḥ) - extremely agitated, greatly disturbed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paramodvigna

paramodvigna - extremely agitated, very disturbed

Compound type : karmadhāraya (parama+udvigna)

• parama – supreme, utmost, highest, extreme
  adjective (masculine)
• udvigna – agitated, disturbed, anxious
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from the root vij (to tremble) with the prefix ud- and suffix -na (for P.P.P).
  Prefix: ud
  Root: vij (class 6)

सह (saha) - with, together with, accompanied by

(indeclinable)

Note: Governs the instrumental case.

सैन्येन (sainyena) - by the army, with the army

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of sainya

sainya - army, host, military, relating to an army

Derived from 'senā' (army).

भारत (bhārata) - A vocative address, likely to Dhṛtarāṣṭra or Sañjaya in the Mahābhārata context. (O Bhārata (descendant of Bharata))

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, relating to Bharata, Indian

A patronymic derived from Bharata.