महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-98, verse-30

तमुद्वीक्ष्य गदाहस्तं ततस्ते गजसादिनः ।
परिवव्रू रणे यत्ता भीमसेनं समन्ततः ॥३०॥

30. tamudvīkṣya gadāhastaṁ tataste gajasādinaḥ ,
parivavrū raṇe yattā bhīmasenaṁ samantataḥ.

30. tam udvīkṣya gadāhastam tataḥ te gajasādinaḥ
parivavruḥ raṇe yattāḥ bhīmasenam samantataḥ

30. tataḥ te gajasādinaḥ yattāḥ gadāhastam tam
bhīmasenam udvīkṣya raṇe samantataḥ parivavruḥ

30. Seeing him, Bhīmasena, holding a mace, those elephant-riders, ready for battle, then surrounded him from all sides in the fight.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - Bhīmasena (him, that)

• उद्वीक्ष्य (udvīkṣya) - having seen, having looked up at

• गदाहस्तम् (gadāhastam) - Bhīmasena, holding a mace (mace-handed, holding a mace)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, from there, therefore)

• ते (te) - those elephant-riders (those, they)

• गजसादिनः (gajasādinaḥ) - elephant-riders

• परिवव्रुः (parivavruḥ) - they surrounded, they encompassed

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in the fight

• यत्ताः (yattāḥ) - ready (for battle) (ready, prepared, engaged)

• भीमसेनम् (bhīmasenam) - Bhīmasena (name of Bhīma)

• समन्ततः (samantataḥ) - from all sides, all around

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - Bhīmasena (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to Bhīmasena.

उद्वीक्ष्य (udvīkṣya) - having seen, having looked up at

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root īkṣ (to see, look) with prefix ud (up, out).

Prefix: ud

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

गदाहस्तम् (gadāhastam) - Bhīmasena, holding a mace (mace-handed, holding a mace)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of gadāhasta

gadāhasta - mace-handed, one who holds a mace

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (gadā+hasta)

• gadā – mace, club
  noun (feminine)
• hasta – hand, arm
  noun (masculine)

Note: Adjective describing Bhīmasena.

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, from there, therefore)

(indeclinable)

Ablative adverbial from tad (that).

ते (te) - those elephant-riders (those, they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to the gajasādinaḥ.

गजसादिनः (gajasādinaḥ) - elephant-riders

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of gajasādin

gajasādin - elephant-rider, mahout

Derived from gaja (elephant) and sādin (rider).

Compound type : tatpurusha (gaja+sādin)

• gaja – elephant
  noun (masculine)
• sādin – rider, charioteer, mounted soldier
  noun (masculine)
  From root sad (to sit, ride).
  Root: sad (class 1)

परिवव्रुः (parivavruḥ) - they surrounded, they encompassed

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of parivṛ

Perfect tense form of root vṛ (to cover, encompass) with pari.

Perfect tense, 3rd person plural, active voice. Reduplicated form from root vṛ.

Prefix: pari

Root: vṛ (class 5)

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in the fight

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, combat, conflict

From root raṇ (to sound, rejoice).

Root: raṇ (class 1)

यत्ताः (yattāḥ) - ready (for battle) (ready, prepared, engaged)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yatta

yatta - prepared, ready, engaged, striving, disciplined

Past Passive Participle

From root yat (to strive, endeavor) with suffix kta.

Root: yat (class 1)

Note: Adjective modifying gajasādinaḥ.

भीमसेनम् (bhīmasenam) - Bhīmasena (name of Bhīma)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhīmasena

bhīmasena - Bhīmasena (name of the second Pāṇḍava, literally 'having a terrible army' or 'of terrible might')

Compound type : tatpurusha (bhīma+senā)

• bhīma – terrible, dreadful, formidable
  adjective (masculine)
  From root bhī (to fear).
  Root: bhī (class 3)
• senā – army, host, troop
  noun (feminine)

समन्ततः (samantataḥ) - from all sides, all around

(indeclinable)

From samanta (all around) with suffix tas.