महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-98, verse-3

तावुभौ रथिनौ संख्ये दृप्तौ सिंहाविवोत्कटौ ।
कथं समीयतुर्युद्धे भारद्वाजधनंजयौ ॥३॥

3. tāvubhau rathinau saṁkhye dṛptau siṁhāvivotkaṭau ,
kathaṁ samīyaturyuddhe bhāradvājadhanaṁjayau.

3. tau ubhau rathinau saṅkhye dṛptau siṃhau iva
utkaṭau katham samīyatuḥ yuddhe bhāradvājadanañjayau

3. katham tau ubhau rathinau dṛptau utkaṭau siṃhau
iva bhāradvājadanañjayau saṅkhye yuddhe samīyatuḥ

3. How did those two charioteers, both fierce like enraged lions, Drona (Bhāradvāja) and Arjuna (Dhananjaya), meet in battle (yuddha)?

Words meanings summery:

• तौ (tau) - those two (Drona and Arjuna) (those two)

• उभौ (ubhau) - both (Drona and Arjuna) (both, two)

• रथिनौ (rathinau) - those two charioteers (Drona and Arjuna) (two charioteers, two warriors in chariots)

• सङ्ख्ये (saṅkhye) - in battle (in battle, in conflict)

• दृप्तौ (dṛptau) - those two fierce ones (Drona and Arjuna) (two proud, arrogant, fierce ones)

• सिंहौ (siṁhau) - two lions (used in comparison) (two lions)

• इव (iva) - like (like, as, as if)

• उत्कटौ (utkaṭau) - two enraged (lions) (two enraged, furious, fierce ones)

• कथम् (katham) - how (how, in what manner)

• समीयतुः (samīyatuḥ) - they two met (in battle) (they two met)

• युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle (in battle, in fight)

• भारद्वाजदनञ्जयौ (bhāradvājadanañjayau) - Drona and Arjuna (Bharadvaja and Dhananjaya)

Words meanings and morphology

तौ (tau) - those two (Drona and Arjuna) (those two)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, this, it

Note: Refers to Drona and Arjuna.

उभौ (ubhau) - both (Drona and Arjuna) (both, two)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of ubha

ubha - both, two

Note: Used in conjunction with 'tau'.

रथिनौ (rathinau) - those two charioteers (Drona and Arjuna) (two charioteers, two warriors in chariots)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of rathin

rathin - charioteer, warrior fighting from a chariot

From 'ratha' (chariot) + possessive suffix '-in'

Note: Qualifies Drona and Arjuna.

सङ्ख्ये (saṅkhye) - in battle (in battle, in conflict)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of saṅkhya

saṅkhya - battle, war, conflict; number (less common in this context)

दृप्तौ (dṛptau) - those two fierce ones (Drona and Arjuna) (two proud, arrogant, fierce ones)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of dṛpta

dṛpta - proud, arrogant, fierce, excited

Past Passive Participle

From root 'dṛp' (to be proud, to be mad)

Root: dṛp (class 4)

Note: Qualifies Drona and Arjuna.

सिंहौ (siṁhau) - two lions (used in comparison) (two lions)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of siṃha

siṁha - lion

Note: Used in comparison 'like two lions'.

इव (iva) - like (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle of comparison.

उत्कटौ (utkaṭau) - two enraged (lions) (two enraged, furious, fierce ones)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of utkaṭa

utkaṭa - enraged, furious, fierce, mighty, prominent

From prefix 'ut' + root 'kaṭ' (to go, move)

Prefix: ut

Root: kaṭ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'siṃhau'.

कथम् (katham) - how (how, in what manner)

(indeclinable)

समीयतुः (samīyatuḥ) - they two met (in battle) (they two met)

(verb)

3rd person , dual, active, imperfect (laṅ) of i

Prefix: sam

Root: i (class 2)

Note: An epic form of the imperfect dual 3rd person active for the root 'i' with prefix 'sam'. Standard classical Sanskrit form would be 'samaitām'.

युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle (in battle, in fight)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war

Root: yudh (class 4)

भारद्वाजदनञ्जयौ (bhāradvājadanañjayau) - Drona and Arjuna (Bharadvaja and Dhananjaya)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of bhāradvāja-dhanañjaya

bhāradvāja-dhanañjaya - Drona and Arjuna

Compound type : dvandva (bhāradvāja+dhanañjaya)

• bhāradvāja – descendant of Bharadvaja, Drona
  proper noun (masculine)
  Patronymic from Bharadvāja
• dhanañjaya – conqueror of wealth, Arjuna
  proper noun (masculine)
  Compound 'dhana' (wealth) + 'jaya' (conquest/victory)

Note: A dvandva compound referring to Drona and Arjuna.