महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-98, verse-1

धृतराष्ट्र उवाच ।
कथं द्रोणो महेष्वासः पाण्डवश्च धनंजयः ।
समीयतू रणे शूरौ तन्ममाचक्ष्व संजय ॥१॥

1. dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca ,
kathaṁ droṇo maheṣvāsaḥ pāṇḍavaśca dhanaṁjayaḥ ,
samīyatū raṇe śūrau tanmamācakṣva saṁjaya.

1. dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ uvāca katham droṇaḥ maheṣvāsaḥ pāṇḍavaḥ ca
dhanañjayaḥ samīyatū raṇe śūrau tat mama ācakṣva saṃjaya

1. dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ uvāca saṃjaya katham droṇaḥ maheṣvāsaḥ ca
pāṇḍavaḥ dhanañjayaḥ śūrau raṇe samīyatū tat mama ācakṣva

1. Dhritarashtra said: "O Sanjaya, tell me how Drona, the great archer, and Pandava (Arjuna), also known as Dhananjaya, those two heroes, met in battle."

Words meanings summery:

• धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - King Dhritarashtra (Dhritarashtra (proper noun))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• कथम् (katham) - how (how, in what manner)

• द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Drona (Drona (name of a warrior, guru))

• महेष्वासः (maheṣvāsaḥ) - the great archer (Drona) (great archer)

• पाण्डवः (pāṇḍavaḥ) - Arjuna (Arjuna, son of Pandu)

• च (ca) - and

• धनञ्जयः (dhanañjayaḥ) - Arjuna (conqueror of wealth (epithet of Arjuna))

• समीयतू (samīyatū) - they two met (in battle) (they two met)

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle (in battle, in war)

• शूरौ (śūrau) - those two heroes (Drona and Arjuna) (two heroes, two brave ones)

• तत् (tat) - that (story/account) (that)

• मम (mama) - to me (to me, my)

• आचक्ष्व (ācakṣva) - tell, describe (tell, relate, describe)

• संजय (saṁjaya) - Sanjaya (Dhritarashtra's charioteer and narrator) (Sanjaya (proper noun))

Words meanings and morphology

धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - King Dhritarashtra (Dhritarashtra (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛtarāṣṭra

dhṛtarāṣṭra - Dhritarashtra (proper noun); one who holds the kingdom

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dhṛta+rāṣṭra)

• dhṛta – held, borne, maintained
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'dhṛ' (to hold)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rāṣṭra – kingdom, nation, realm
  noun (neuter)

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Irregular perfect form

कथम् (katham) - how (how, in what manner)

(indeclinable)

द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Drona (Drona (name of a warrior, guru))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Drona (proper noun); a bucket, a measure

महेष्वासः (maheṣvāsaḥ) - the great archer (Drona) (great archer)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of maheṣvāsa

maheṣvāsa - a great archer, having a great bow/arrows

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+īṣu+āsa)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• īṣu – arrow
  noun (masculine)
• āsa – thrower, shooter
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'as' (to throw/shoot)
  Root: as (class 4)

Note: A descriptive epithet for Drona.

पाण्डवः (pāṇḍavaḥ) - Arjuna (Arjuna, son of Pandu)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu; a Pāṇḍava prince

Patronymic from Pāṇḍu

Note: Refers specifically to Arjuna here.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

धनञ्जयः (dhanañjayaḥ) - Arjuna (conqueror of wealth (epithet of Arjuna))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhanañjaya

dhanañjaya - conqueror of wealth, Arjuna (proper noun); fire, a kind of snake

Compound 'dhana' (wealth) + 'jaya' (conquest/victory)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dhana+jaya)

• dhana – wealth, riches, property
  noun (neuter)
• jaya – victory, conquest, triumph
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'ji' (to conquer)
  Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Another epithet for Arjuna.

समीयतू (samīyatū) - they two met (in battle) (they two met)

(verb)

3rd person , dual, active, imperfect (laṅ) of i

Prefix: sam

Root: i (class 2)

Note: An epic form of the imperfect dual 3rd person active for the root 'i' with prefix 'sam'. Standard classical Sanskrit form would be 'samaitām'.

रणे (raṇe) - in battle (in battle, in war)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, conflict, fight

Root: raṇ (class 1)

शूरौ (śūrau) - those two heroes (Drona and Arjuna) (two heroes, two brave ones)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of śūra

śūra - hero, brave man, warrior

Note: Acts as an adjective qualifying Drona and Arjuna.

तत् (tat) - that (story/account) (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, it

Note: Refers to the description of their meeting.

मम (mama) - to me (to me, my)

(pronoun)

singular of asmad

asmad - I, me, my, we, us, our

Note: Used as dative for 'to me' in this context.

आचक्ष्व (ācakṣva) - tell, describe (tell, relate, describe)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (loṭ) of cakṣ

Prefix: ā

Root: cakṣ (class 2)

संजय (saṁjaya) - Sanjaya (Dhritarashtra's charioteer and narrator) (Sanjaya (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Sanjaya (proper noun); victory, complete triumph

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sam+jaya)

• sam – together, completely
  indeclinable
• jaya – victory, conquest
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'ji' (to conquer)
  Root: ji (class 1)