महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-84, verse-6

विरथान्रथिनश्चक्रे पिता देवव्रतस्तव ।
पतितान्युत्तमाङ्गानि हयेभ्यो हयसादिनाम् ॥६॥

6. virathānrathinaścakre pitā devavratastava ,
patitānyuttamāṅgāni hayebhyo hayasādinām.

6. virathān rathinaḥ ca cakre pitā devavrataḥ tava
patitāni uttamāṅgāni hayebhyaḥ hayasādinām

6. tava pitā devavrataḥ rathinaḥ virathān ca cakre
hayebhyaḥ hayasādinām uttamāṅgāni patitāni

6. Your father, Devavrata (Bhīṣma), made the charioteers chariot-less. The heads of the horsemen fell from their horses.

Words meanings summery:

• विरथान् (virathān) - chariot-less, deprived of chariots

• रथिनः (rathinaḥ) - charioteers

• च (ca) - and, also

• चक्रे (cakre) - made, did, performed

• पिता (pitā) - father

• देवव्रतः (devavrataḥ) - Bhīṣma (Devavrata)

• तव (tava) - your, of you

• पतितानि (patitāni) - fallen, dropped

• उत्तमाङ्गानि (uttamāṅgāni) - heads (excellent limbs, heads)

• हयेभ्यः (hayebhyaḥ) - from horses

• हयसादिनाम् (hayasādinām) - of horsemen

Words meanings and morphology

विरथान् (virathān) - chariot-less, deprived of chariots

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of viratha

viratha - chariot-less, deprived of a chariot

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vi+ratha)

• vi – without, separation, negation
  indeclinable
  upasarga
• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ram (class 1)

रथिनः (rathinaḥ) - charioteers

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of rathin

rathin - charioteer, one who possesses a chariot

derived from 'ratha' + possessive suffix '-in'

Note: Can also be nominative plural, but context requires accusative here.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

चक्रे (cakre) - made, did, performed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (Lit) of kṛ

perfect tense

intensive reduplication, perfect middle form (root aorist)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Past tense action.

पिता (pitā) - father

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father, ancestor

Note: Subject of 'cakre'.

देवव्रतः (devavrataḥ) - Bhīṣma (Devavrata)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of devavrata

devavrata - one whose vow is to the gods; a proper name, Bhīṣma

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (deva+vrata)

• deva – god, deity
  noun (masculine)
  Root: div (class 4)
• vrata – vow, sacred observance, religious duty
  noun (neuter)
  Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Appositive to 'pitā'.

तव (tava) - your, of you

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Possessive, referring to Dhṛtarāṣṭra.

पतितानि (patitāni) - fallen, dropped

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, plural of patita

patita - fallen, dropped, descended

Past Passive Participle

from √pat (to fall)

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Predicative adjective.

उत्तमाङ्गानि (uttamāṅgāni) - heads (excellent limbs, heads)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of uttamāṅga

uttamāṅga - best limb, head

Compound type : karmadhāraya (uttama+aṅga)

• uttama – best, highest, foremost
  adjective (masculine)
  superlative of 'ud' (up)
  Root: ud
• aṅga – limb, body part, member
  noun (neuter)

Note: Subject of an implied verb 'fell'.

हयेभ्यः (hayebhyaḥ) - from horses

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, plural of haya

haya - horse

from √hi (to go, to move)

Root: hi (class 5)

Note: Indicates separation 'from horses'.

हयसादिनाम् (hayasādinām) - of horsemen

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of hayasādin

hayasādin - horseman, cavalryman

From 'haya' (horse) + 'sādin' (rider)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (haya+sādin)

• haya – horse
  noun (masculine)
  from √hi (to go, to move)
  Root: hi (class 5)
• sādin – rider, one who sits
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun
  agent noun with suffix -in from root √sad (to sit)
  Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Possessive, describing whose heads fell.