महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-84, verse-11

ततो दुर्योधनो राजा सोदर्यैः परिवारितः ।
भीष्मं जुगोप समरे वर्तमाने जनक्षये ॥११॥

11. tato duryodhano rājā sodaryaiḥ parivāritaḥ ,
bhīṣmaṁ jugopa samare vartamāne janakṣaye.

11. tataḥ duryodhanaḥ rājā sodaryaiḥ parivāritaḥ
| bhīṣmam jugopa samare vartamāne janakṣaye

11. tataḥ rājā duryodhanaḥ sodaryaiḥ parivāritaḥ
vartamāne janakṣaye samare bhīṣmam jugopa

11. Then King Duryodhana, surrounded by his brothers, protected Bhīṣma in the ongoing battle amidst the great carnage.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, from there, therefore)

• दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana (proper noun)

• राजा (rājā) - king

• सोदर्यैः (sodaryaiḥ) - by his own brothers (Kauravas) (by his brothers, by uterine brothers)

• परिवारितः (parivāritaḥ) - accompanied by, surrounded by (surrounded, encompassed)

• भीष्मम् (bhīṣmam) - Bhīṣma (proper noun)

• जुगोप (jugopa) - protected, guarded

• समरे (samare) - in battle, in war

• वर्तमाने (vartamāne) - ongoing (while continuing, ongoing, present)

• जनक्षये (janakṣaye) - in the great carnage (in the destruction of people, in the carnage)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, from there, therefore)

(indeclinable)

दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana (proper noun)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

सोदर्यैः (sodaryaiḥ) - by his own brothers (Kauravas) (by his brothers, by uterine brothers)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sodarya

sodarya - uterine brother, born of the same womb

Derived from 'sa-udara' (same womb)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sa+udara)

• sa – with, together
  indeclinable
• udara – womb, belly
  noun (neuter)

Note: Refers to Duryodhana's brothers, i.e., the other Kauravas.

परिवारितः (parivāritaḥ) - accompanied by, surrounded by (surrounded, encompassed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parivārita

parivārita - surrounded, encompassed, attended by

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root vṛ (to cover, enclose) with prefix pari-

Prefix: pari

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Used adjectivally, modifying Duryodhanaḥ.

भीष्मम् (bhīṣmam) - Bhīṣma (proper noun)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhīṣma (grand-uncle of Kauravas and Pāṇḍavas)

Note: Object of the verb jugopa.

जुगोप (jugopa) - protected, guarded

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of gup

Perfect Active Indicative

3rd person singular, class 1 Parasmaipada verb

Root: gup (class 1)

समरे (samare) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samara

samara - battle, war, conflict

Note: Place where the action occurs.

वर्तमाने (vartamāne) - ongoing (while continuing, ongoing, present)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of vartamāna

vartamāna - being, existing, present, current, ongoing

Present Active Participle

Derived from root vṛt (to be, exist, turn) in middle voice

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'janakṣaye' and 'samare'.

जनक्षये (janakṣaye) - in the great carnage (in the destruction of people, in the carnage)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of janakṣaya

janakṣaya - destruction of people, massacre, carnage

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jana+kṣaya)

• jana – person, people, man
  noun (masculine)
• kṣaya – destruction, loss, decay
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root kṣi (to destroy, decay)
  Root: kṣi (class 1)

Note: Time/place where the protection occurred.