महाभारतः
mahābhārataḥ
-
book-6, chapter-67, verse-8
कांदिग्भूताः श्रान्तपत्रा हतास्त्रा हतचेतसः ।
अन्योन्यमभिसंश्लिष्य योधास्ते भरतर्षभ ॥८॥
अन्योन्यमभिसंश्लिष्य योधास्ते भरतर्षभ ॥८॥
8. kāṁdigbhūtāḥ śrāntapatrā hatāstrā hatacetasaḥ ,
anyonyamabhisaṁśliṣya yodhāste bharatarṣabha.
anyonyamabhisaṁśliṣya yodhāste bharatarṣabha.
8.
kāndigbhūtāḥ śrāntapattrāḥ hatāstrāḥ hatacetasaḥ
anyonyam abhisaṃśliṣya yodhāḥ te bharatarṣabha
anyonyam abhisaṃśliṣya yodhāḥ te bharatarṣabha
8.
bharatarṣabha te yodhāḥ kāndigbhūtāḥ śrāntapattrāḥ
hatāstrāḥ hatacetasaḥ anyonyam abhisaṃśliṣya
hatāstrāḥ hatacetasaḥ anyonyam abhisaṃśliṣya
8.
O best among Bharatas, those warriors, utterly bewildered, their strength diminished, their weapons lost, and their spirits broken, clung to each other.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- कान्दिग्भूताः (kāndigbhūtāḥ) - bewildered, disoriented, utterly confused
- श्रान्तपत्त्राः (śrāntapattrāḥ) - whose strength/means are exhausted, weary of resources
- हतास्त्राः (hatāstrāḥ) - whose weapons are destroyed/lost
- हतचेतसः (hatacetasaḥ) - whose spirits/minds are broken/crushed
- अन्योन्यम् (anyonyam) - each other, mutually
- अभिसंश्लिष्य (abhisaṁśliṣya) - clinging to, embracing closely
- योधाः (yodhāḥ) - warriors, soldiers
- ते (te) - those, they
- भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - Addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (O best among Bharatas, O bull of Bharata)
Words meanings and morphology
कान्दिग्भूताः (kāndigbhūtāḥ) - bewildered, disoriented, utterly confused
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of kāndigbhūta
kāndigbhūta - utterly bewildered, confused about directions, disoriented
Compound adjective, meaning 'having become lost in directions' or 'utterly bewildered'. From 'ka' (intensive/interrogative) + 'dik' (direction) + 'bhūta' (become, P.P.P. of bhū).
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (ka+digbhūta)
- ka – what, which, who; a prefix indicating badness or intensity
indeclinable - digbhūta – become like a direction, disoriented, confused
adjective (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
From `diś` (direction) + `bhū` (to be, become) + `kta` suffix. `dik` is the sandhi form of `diś` in compounds.
Root: bhū (class 1)
Note: Compound adjective describing the warriors.
श्रान्तपत्त्राः (śrāntapattrāḥ) - whose strength/means are exhausted, weary of resources
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of śrāntapattra
śrāntapattra - having exhausted wings/means/resources
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (śrānta+pattra)
- śrānta – exhausted, weary, tired
adjective (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
From root `śram` (to be weary) + `kta` suffix.
Root: śram (class 4) - pattra – wing, feather, leaf, means, vehicle, weapon (arrow)
noun (neuter)
Note: Adjective modifying `yodhāḥ`.
हतास्त्राः (hatāstrāḥ) - whose weapons are destroyed/lost
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of hatāstra
hatāstra - having lost or destroyed weapons
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (hata+astra)
- hata – struck, killed, destroyed, lost
adjective (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
From root `han` (to strike, kill) + `kta` suffix.
Root: han (class 2) - astra – weapon, missile
noun (neuter)
Root: as (class 4)
Note: Adjective modifying `yodhāḥ`.
हतचेतसः (hatacetasaḥ) - whose spirits/minds are broken/crushed
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of hatacetas
hatacetas - having a broken spirit, disheartened
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (hata+cetas)
- hata – struck, killed, destroyed, lost
adjective (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
From root `han` (to strike, kill) + `kta` suffix.
Root: han (class 2) - cetas – mind, intellect, spirit, consciousness
noun (neuter)
From root `cit` (to perceive, know) + `as` suffix.
Root: cit (class 1)
Note: Adjective modifying `yodhāḥ`.
अन्योन्यम् (anyonyam) - each other, mutually
(pronoun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of anyonya
anyonya - one another, mutual
Formed by reduplication of `anya`.
Note: Functions as an object of the action.
अभिसंश्लिष्य (abhisaṁśliṣya) - clinging to, embracing closely
(indeclinable)
Absolutive (Gerund)
From root `śliṣ` (to cling, embrace) with prefixes `abhi` and `sam`. Formed with suffix `lyaP` (when verb has prefixes).
Prefixes: abhi+sam
Root: śliṣ (class 4)
Note: Expresses an action completed before the main verb (implied 'āsan' - were).
योधाः (yodhāḥ) - warriors, soldiers
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of yodha
yodha - warrior, fighter, soldier
From root `yudh` (to fight) + `a` suffix.
Root: yudh (class 4)
Note: Subject of the sentence.
ते (te) - those, they
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of tad
tad - that, he, she, it
Note: Refers to the `yodhāḥ`.
भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - Addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (O best among Bharatas, O bull of Bharata)
(proper noun)
Vocative, masculine, singular of bharatarṣabha
bharatarṣabha - bull of Bharatas, best among Bharatas
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bharata+ṛṣabha)
- bharata – a descendant of Bharata, a ruler, India
proper noun (masculine)
Root: bhṛ (class 3) - ṛṣabha – bull, chief, best, excellent
noun (masculine)
Note: Addressed to Dhṛtarāṣṭra.