महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-67, verse-12

अथ काम्बोजमुख्यैस्तु बृहद्भिः शीघ्रगामिभिः ।
गोपानां बहुसाहस्रैर्बलैर्गोवासनो वृतः ॥१२॥

12. atha kāmbojamukhyaistu bṛhadbhiḥ śīghragāmibhiḥ ,
gopānāṁ bahusāhasrairbalairgovāsano vṛtaḥ.

12. atha kāmbojamukhyaiḥ tu bṛhadbhiḥ śīghragāmibhiḥ
gopānām bahusāhasraiḥ balaiḥ govāsanaḥ vṛtaḥ

12. atha govāsanaḥ tu kāmbojamukhyaiḥ bṛhadbhiḥ
śīghragāmibhiḥ gopānām bahusāhasraiḥ balaiḥ vṛtaḥ

12. Then, Govāsana was surrounded by the mighty, swift-moving chiefs of the Kambojas and by many thousands of cowherd forces.

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then (now, then, thereupon, moreover)

• काम्बोजमुख्यैः (kāmbojamukhyaiḥ) - by the chiefs leading the Kamboja forces (by the chiefs of the Kambojas)

• तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, yet, on the other hand)

• बृहद्भिः (bṛhadbhiḥ) - by the mighty (chiefs) (by the large, by the mighty, by the great)

• शीघ्रगामिभिः (śīghragāmibhiḥ) - by the swift-moving (chiefs) (by the swift-moving ones)

• गोपानाम् (gopānām) - of the cowherds (referring to a class of warriors/people) (of the cowherds, of the protectors)

• बहुसाहस्रैः (bahusāhasraiḥ) - by many thousands (of forces) (by many thousands)

• बलैः (balaiḥ) - by forces (of cowherds) (by forces, by armies, by troops)

• गोवासनः (govāsanaḥ) - Govāsana (a king or general) (Govāsana (proper noun))

• वृतः (vṛtaḥ) - surrounded (surrounded, encompassed, chosen)

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then (now, then, thereupon, moreover)

(indeclinable)

काम्बोजमुख्यैः (kāmbojamukhyaiḥ) - by the chiefs leading the Kamboja forces (by the chiefs of the Kambojas)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of kāmbojamukhya

kāmbojamukhya - chief of the Kambojas

Compound type : tatpurusha (kāmboja+mukhya)

• kāmboja – of the Kambojas (a people/country)
  proper noun (masculine)
• mukhya – chief, principal, foremost
  adjective (masculine)

तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, yet, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

बृहद्भिः (bṛhadbhiḥ) - by the mighty (chiefs) (by the large, by the mighty, by the great)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bṛhat

bṛhat - large, mighty, great

present participle of √bṛh (to grow)

Root: bṛh (class 1)

Note: Agrees with kāmbojamukhyaiḥ

शीघ्रगामिभिः (śīghragāmibhiḥ) - by the swift-moving (chiefs) (by the swift-moving ones)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śīghragāmin

śīghragāmin - swift-moving, fast-going

compound of śīghra (swift) and gāmin (going)

Compound type : tatpurusha (śīghra+gāmin)

• śīghra – swift, quick, fast
  adjective (masculine)
• gāmin – going, moving, proceeding
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun/participle
  from √gam (to go) + -in suffix
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with kāmbojamukhyaiḥ

गोपानाम् (gopānām) - of the cowherds (referring to a class of warriors/people) (of the cowherds, of the protectors)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of gopa

gopa - cowherd, protector

Root: gup (class 1)

बहुसाहस्रैः (bahusāhasraiḥ) - by many thousands (of forces) (by many thousands)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bahusāhasra

bahusāhasra - consisting of many thousands, many thousands

compound of bahu (many) and sāhasra (thousand)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (bahu+sāhasra)

• bahu – many, much
  adjective (masculine)
• sāhasra – consisting of a thousand, thousand-fold
  adjective (masculine)
  from sahasra (thousand) + aṇ suffix

Note: Agrees with balaiḥ

बलैः (balaiḥ) - by forces (of cowherds) (by forces, by armies, by troops)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of bala

bala - force, strength, army, troop

गोवासनः (govāsanaḥ) - Govāsana (a king or general) (Govāsana (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of govāsana

govāsana - Govāsana (name of a person)

वृतः (vṛtaḥ) - surrounded (surrounded, encompassed, chosen)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vṛta

vṛta - surrounded, encompassed, chosen, covered

Past Passive Participle

from √vṛ (to cover, surround) + kta suffix

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Used as a predicate adjective, indicating a past passive state.