महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-67, verse-10

समुत्पतन्त वित्रस्ता रथेभ्यो रथिनस्तदा ।
सादिनश्चाश्वपृष्ठेभ्यो भूमौ चापि पदातयः ॥१०॥

10. samutpatanta vitrastā rathebhyo rathinastadā ,
sādinaścāśvapṛṣṭhebhyo bhūmau cāpi padātayaḥ.

10. samutpatanta vitrastāḥ rathebhyas rathinaḥ tadā
sādinaḥ ca aśvapṛṣṭhebhyas bhūmau ca api padātayaḥ

10. tadā vitrastāḥ rathinaḥ rathebhyas samutpatanta ca
sādinaḥ aśvapṛṣṭhebhyas ca api padātayaḥ bhūmau

10. Then, terrified, the charioteers jumped from their chariots, the horsemen from their horses' backs, and even the foot soldiers scattered on the ground.

Words meanings summery:

• समुत्पतन्त (samutpatanta) - Implies fleeing downwards or scattering. (they sprang down/up, they jumped, they fled)

• वित्रस्ताः (vitrastāḥ) - terrified, frightened

• रथेभ्यस् (rathebhyas) - from chariots

• रथिनः (rathinaḥ) - charioteers, chariot-warriors

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• सादिनः (sādinaḥ) - horsemen, cavalry

• च (ca) - and, also

• अश्वपृष्ठेभ्यस् (aśvapṛṣṭhebhyas) - from horseback, from horses' backs

• भूमौ (bhūmau) - on the ground, on the earth

• च (ca) - and, also

• अपि (api) - also, even

• पदातयः (padātayaḥ) - foot soldiers, infantry

Words meanings and morphology

समुत्पतन्त (samutpatanta) - Implies fleeing downwards or scattering. (they sprang down/up, they jumped, they fled)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of pat

Imperfect tense, 3rd plural

Root `pat` (1st class), `laṅ` (imperfect), `parasmaipada` (active voice) 3rd plural. With prefixes `sam` and `ud`.

Prefixes: sam+ud

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Main verb.

वित्रस्ताः (vitrastāḥ) - terrified, frightened

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vitrasta

vitrasta - greatly frightened, terrified

Past Passive Participle

From root `tras` (to tremble, fear) with prefix `vi` + `kta` suffix.

Prefix: vi

Root: tras (class 1)

Note: Adjective modifying `rathinaḥ`, `sādinaḥ`, `padātayaḥ`.

रथेभ्यस् (rathebhyas) - from chariots

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, plural of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

From root `ram` (to delight) or `ṛ` (to go).

Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Indicates source of movement.

रथिनः (rathinaḥ) - charioteers, chariot-warriors

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rathin

rathin - one who has a chariot, charioteer, warrior in a chariot

From `ratha` (chariot) + `in` (possessive suffix).

Note: Subject of `samutpatanta`.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

From `tad` (that) + `dā` (time suffix).

सादिनः (sādinaḥ) - horsemen, cavalry

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sādin

sādin - rider, horseman, one who sits (on an animal)

From root `sad` (to sit) + `in` (agent suffix).

Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Subject of `samutpatanta` (implied).

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects `sādinaḥ` with `rathinaḥ`.

अश्वपृष्ठेभ्यस् (aśvapṛṣṭhebhyas) - from horseback, from horses' backs

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, plural of aśvapṛṣṭha

aśvapṛṣṭha - horse's back, horseback

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (aśva+pṛṣṭha)

• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)
• pṛṣṭha – back, rear
  noun (neuter)
  From root `pṛṣ` (to touch, sprinkle).
  Root: pṛṣ (class 6)

Note: Indicates source of movement.

भूमौ (bhūmau) - on the ground, on the earth

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of bhūmi

bhūmi - earth, ground, land

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Indicates location.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects `sādinaḥ` clause to `padātayaḥ` clause.

अपि (api) - also, even

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes `padātayaḥ`.

पदातयः (padātayaḥ) - foot soldiers, infantry

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of padāti

padāti - foot soldier, infantryman

Derived from `pada` (foot) by adding suffix or treated as a compound `pada + ati` (going by foot).

Root: at (class 1)

Note: Subject of implied action (scattering/being affected).