महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-49, verse-5

द्रोणस्तु निशितैर्बाणैर्धृष्टद्युम्नमयोधयत् ।
सारथिं चास्य भल्लेन रथनीडादपातयत् ॥५॥

5. droṇastu niśitairbāṇairdhṛṣṭadyumnamayodhayat ,
sārathiṁ cāsya bhallena rathanīḍādapātayat.

5. droṇaḥ tu niśitaiḥ bāṇaiḥ dhṛṣṭadyumnam ayodhayat
sārathim ca asya bhallena rathanīḍāt apātayat

5. tu droṇaḥ niśitaiḥ bāṇaiḥ dhṛṣṭadyumnam ayodhayat
ca asya sārathim bhallena rathanīḍāt apātayat

5. But Drona fought Dhristadyumna with sharp arrows. And he struck down Dhristadyumna's charioteer from the chariot's seat with a barbed arrow.

Words meanings summery:

• द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Drona

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• निशितैः (niśitaiḥ) - with sharp, with whetted (arrows)

• बाणैः (bāṇaiḥ) - with arrows

• धृष्टद्युम्नम् (dhṛṣṭadyumnam) - Dhristadyumna

• अयोधयत् (ayodhayat) - he fought (caused to fight)

• सारथिम् (sārathim) - charioteer

• च (ca) - and, also

• अस्य (asya) - Of Dhristadyumna (his, of him)

• भल्लेन (bhallena) - with a barbed arrow, with a javelin

• रथनीडात् (rathanīḍāt) - from the chariot's seat, from the chariot's nest

• अपातयत् (apātayat) - he struck down, he caused to fall

Words meanings and morphology

द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Drona

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Drona (a proper name, the guru of the Kauravas and Pandavas)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

निशितैः (niśitaiḥ) - with sharp, with whetted (arrows)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of niśita

niśita - sharp, whetted, keen

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root √śo (to sharpen) with the prefix ni- and the suffix -kta.

Prefix: ni

Root: śo (class 4)

बाणैः (bāṇaiḥ) - with arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bāṇa

bāṇa - arrow

धृष्टद्युम्नम् (dhṛṣṭadyumnam) - Dhristadyumna

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dhṛṣṭadyumna

dhṛṣṭadyumna - Dhristadyumna (a proper name, son of Drupada, commander of the Pandava army)

अयोधयत् (ayodhayat) - he fought (caused to fight)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of yudh

Causative form (yodhaya) of the root √yudh. The 'a' prefix indicates past imperfect.

Root: yudh (class 4)

सारथिम् (sārathim) - charioteer

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sārathi

sārathi - charioteer, driver

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अस्य (asya) - Of Dhristadyumna (his, of him)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one, he, she, it

भल्लेन (bhallena) - with a barbed arrow, with a javelin

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bhalla

bhalla - a kind of arrow, barbed arrow, javelin

रथनीडात् (rathanīḍāt) - from the chariot's seat, from the chariot's nest

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of rathanīḍa

rathanīḍa - chariot's seat/nest/abode

Compound type : tatpurusha (ratha+nīḍa)

• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)
• nīḍa – nest, resting place, abode, seat
  noun (neuter)

अपातयत् (apātayat) - he struck down, he caused to fall

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of pat

Causative form (pātaya) of the root √pat. The 'a' prefix indicates past imperfect.

Root: pat (class 1)