महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-49, verse-20

लाघवाद्व्यंसयामास गदां हेमविभूषिताम् ।
व्यंसयित्वा गदां तां च प्रेषयामास पार्षते ॥२०॥

20. lāghavādvyaṁsayāmāsa gadāṁ hemavibhūṣitām ,
vyaṁsayitvā gadāṁ tāṁ ca preṣayāmāsa pārṣate.

20. lāghavāt vyaṃsayāmāsa gadām hemavibhūṣitām
vyaṃsayitvā gadām tām ca preṣayāmāsa pārṣate

20. [droṇaḥ] lāghavāt hemavibhūṣitām gadām vyaṃsayāmāsa
tām gadām ca vyaṃsayitvā [saḥ] pārṣate preṣayāmāsa

20. With agility, he deflected the mace adorned with gold. Having deflected that mace, he sent it back at Pārṣata (Dhṛṣṭadyumna).

Words meanings summery:

• लाघवात् (lāghavāt) - due to agility (from lightness, from swiftness, due to agility)

• व्यंसयामास (vyaṁsayāmāsa) - he deflected (he caused to deviate, he deflected)

• गदाम् (gadām) - mace, club

• हेमविभूषिताम् (hemavibhūṣitām) - adorned with gold

• व्यंसयित्वा (vyaṁsayitvā) - having deflected (having caused to deviate, having deflected)

• गदाम् (gadām) - mace, club

• ताम् (tām) - that (mace) (that, her, it)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• प्रेषयामास (preṣayāmāsa) - he sent (it) back (he sent forth, he dispatched)

• पार्षते (pārṣate) - at Pārṣata (Dhṛṣṭadyumna) (at Pārṣata, for Pārṣata)

Words meanings and morphology

लाघवात् (lāghavāt) - due to agility (from lightness, from swiftness, due to agility)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of lāghava

lāghava - lightness, agility, swiftness, quickness

Derived from 'laghu' (light).

व्यंसयामास (vyaṁsayāmāsa) - he deflected (he caused to deviate, he deflected)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vyaṃsaya

Periphrastic Perfect, Causative

Derived from root 'aṃs' with prefix 'vi-' and causative suffix '-aya', then formed into periphrastic perfect 'āmāsa'.

Prefix: vi

Root: aṃs (class 1)

गदाम् (gadām) - mace, club

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of gadā

gadā - mace, club

हेमविभूषिताम् (hemavibhūṣitām) - adorned with gold

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of hemavibhūṣita

hemavibhūṣita - adorned with gold, decorated with gold

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (heman+vibhūṣita)

• heman – gold
  noun (neuter)
• vibhūṣita – adorned, decorated, ornamented
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'bhūṣ' (to adorn) with prefix 'vi-'.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: bhūṣ (class 10)

Note: Modifies 'gadām'.

व्यंसयित्वा (vyaṁsayitvā) - having deflected (having caused to deviate, having deflected)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund) of Causative

Derived from root 'aṃs' with prefix 'vi-' and causative suffix '-aya', then absolutive suffix '-tvā'.

Prefix: vi

Root: aṃs (class 1)

गदाम् (gadām) - mace, club

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of gadā

gadā - mace, club

ताम् (tām) - that (mace) (that, her, it)

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, he, it

Note: Refers to 'gadām'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

प्रेषयामास (preṣayāmāsa) - he sent (it) back (he sent forth, he dispatched)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of preṣaya

Periphrastic Perfect, Causative

Derived from root 'iṣ' with prefix 'pra-' and causative suffix '-aya', then formed into periphrastic perfect 'āmāsa'.

Prefix: pra

Root: iṣ (class 4)

पार्षते (pārṣate) - at Pārṣata (Dhṛṣṭadyumna) (at Pārṣata, for Pārṣata)

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of pārṣata

pārṣata - son of Pṛṣata (an epithet for Dhṛṣṭadyumna)

Patronymic from Pṛṣata.

Note: Used here in locative sense, 'towards' or 'at'.